Ultrasound assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of maize (Zea Mays L.) germ oil
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Date
2017
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
In the present study ultrasound assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of maize germ was
carried out. A three-variable, three-level response surface methodology using Box–Behnken
design (BBD) was applied for optimizing the extraction condition in order to obtain the high
oil recovery from the maize germ. The three independent variables set were extraction
temperature (40-60°C), ultrasonic pre-treatment time (40-60) min, and water to seed ratio
(4:1-6:1w/w) at the three levels. A total of seventeen experiments were designed. By
considering all the responses simultaneously for optimization, it was found that the optimum
conditions for extraction of maize germ using UAAE method was found as incubation
temperature of 40°C, time 60 min and water to seed ratio of 4.86:1 respectively. The
maximum oil recovery under these was found as 86.20%. The optimized samples had a
saponification value of 189.27 (mg KOH/g), acid value 3.15 (mg KOH/g), FFA 1.58 (mg
KOH/g), peroxide value of 5.01 (millieq), density 883.55 (kg/m3), color change 20.08,
refractive index of 1.50 respectively and total extraction time was 7.5 h and it was taken as
the basis for the comparison with solvent extraction method. It was found that oil recovery
from solvent extraction was nearly same as that of UAAE but the quality parameters of the
UAAE extracted oil was better than that of solvent extracted oil. The oil extracted by the
optimized parameters of UAAE oil and the oil extracted by the solvent extraction method
were subjected to storage in the glass and HDPE bottles in dark and light under ambient
conditions. There was considerable change in the quality parameters in the solvent extracted
oil and UAAE oil was quite stable even after the 90 days of storage. The extraction method
was also subjected to economic analysis, it was clear that an initial investment of `2479360,
the project gives profit of `370685 and payback period of 0.30 years and can provide
employment to 2-3 persons.
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