Ameliorative potential of Tinospora cordifolia extract on ehrlichiosis induced anemia in dogs

Simple item page
dc.contributor.advisorSrivastava, Mukesh Kumar
dc.contributor.authorVerma, Sonika
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-25T09:21:07Z
dc.date.available2024-07-25T09:21:07Z
dc.date.issued2024-07-02
dc.description.abstractIn the current study, a total of 212 dogs were examined for ehrlichiosis, using the observation of 2-3 typical clinical symptoms of the disease in dogs. All the canines that were examined had blood smear screening to establish the disease status. The blood smear examination revealed a percentage of 8.49% (n=18). Similarly, the investigation of buffy coat smears identified 14.62% (n=31) of animals as positive, whereas PCR analysis detected 119 (16.04%) cases of E.canis infection. Out of the total number of dogs tested, 46 (21.70%) were found to be positive for Hepatozoon canis additionally, 12 dogs (5.66%) were found to be positive for co-infection with E. canis and Hepatozoon canis. Similarly, 8 dogs were found to be positive for E. ewingi, and 6 dogs were found to be positive for Babesia. A total of 177 dogs, accounting for 83.49% of the sample, were determined to be infected. The ehrlichia positive dogs commonly had two prominent clinical symptoms, namely high fever and lymphadenomaegaly. whereas, other less common symptoms including melena, mucosal pallor, depression, weight loss, tick infestation, ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages, ascites, epistaxis, ocular abnormalities, vomiting, hind limb/scrotal edema, and face edema were also observed. The vital parameters, such as rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate, showed a significant increase, while there was a simultaneous decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, leucocyte count, and platelet count. However, the mean value of lymphocytes increased considerably, while there was a decrease in neutrophils. The mean values of basophil, monocytes, eosinophil, MCV, MCH, and MCHC did not show any significant difference from the control group. In dogs infected by ehrlichiosis, the average levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and BUN were higher, whereas the levels of albumin, globulin, and total protein were lower. Although the average values of serum creatinine did not show any significant difference compared to the control group. The dogs in group 2 (administered with Doxycyclin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight once daily) showed the best weekly percentage improvement in TEC, Hb, and HCT. This was followed by group 4 (administered with Giloy at a dosage of 25 mg/kg body weight). The proportion of positive cases of ehrlichiosis was reported based on age, sex, breed, and season, accordingly. The age group that had the highest positivity rate was category 3 (over 1 year old), with a positivity rate of 68.07%. The sex that had the highest positivity rate was male, with a rate of 63.86%. The German Shepherd breed accounts for 38.65% of the total, while the monsoon season represents 40.34% cases. The current investigation revealed a noteworthy rise in Canine specific IL-17 and Immunoglobulin G levels in all the groups of dogs undergoing treatment, as compared to the control group. The group with the highest recovery rate is group 2, followed by group 4. Group 3 has a recovery rate that is lower than group 2 and group 4, while group 1 has the lowest recovery rate. Furthermore, we observed that the number of corrected reticulocytes in infected animals was less than 1, when compared to healthy control animals. Additionally, there was no significant difference in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), which indicates the presence of normocytic, normochromic, and non-regenerative anemia. Thus, when evaluating the improvement in treatment groups of dogs, the highest level of recovery was observed in the group treated with prednisolone in addition to conventional treatment. The next best recovery was seen in the group treated with Tinospora cordifolia along with conventional treatment. The group that showed the least amount of recovery was the first group, which only received conventional treatment.
dc.external.URLhttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in
dc.identifier.citationSelf, Advisor, books, reports praticals etc./U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
dc.identifier.otherU.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
dc.identifier.urihttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810212510
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.pages186p
dc.publisherU.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
dc.relation.ispartofseriesM.V.Sc. Thesis; M.V.Sc. Thesis
dc.research.problem1. Normocytic, normochromic and non-regenerative type of anaemia has been recorded in canine ehrlichiosis irrespective of duration and stage of disease. 2. Significantly elevated level of Interleukin-17 in Ehrlichia affected dogs indicate possible involvement of Immune system as a cause of anemia in this disease and it may be inference that this biomarker may be used to evaluate the involvement immune system as causative factor of anaemia as well as monitoring the response to treatment. 3. The elevated IgG level observed in affected dogs strongly suggests its involvement in the destruction of RBC and the development of immune mediated hemolytic anaemia. 4. Regarding anaemia, the treatment group 2 with prednisolone showed the highest level of improvement closely followed by treatment group 4 (Tinospora @ 25 mg/kg), this finding support the immunomodulatory role of Tinosopra. 5. Liver-specific enzymes such as ALT, AST and ALP, and kidney-related enzymes like BUN and CRT, which were already elevated due to Ehrlichia infection, a further increase in these enzyme values in treatment group 2 . 6. Differential diagnosis and targeted therapy are crucial for the survival of affected animals, as both Ehrlichia and Hepatozoon were reported to infect dogs at high rates in this study. 7. The symptoms of Ehrlichia and Hepatozoon infected dogs are quite similar; however, the study found that hepatozoonosis had a significantly lower impact on the values of TEC, haemoglobin, and HCT as compared to ehrlichiosis. 8. The molecular detection of E. ewingii in India for the first time indicates that this species may contribute to the health problems observed in dogs. Therefore, it should be included with E. canis when making a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis in dogs. 9. The study concluded that molecular assays, rather than microscopic examination, should be employed to verify an Ehrlichia diagnosis. 10. The clinician must verify the efficacy of the medication in eradicating the natural Ehrlichia infection by obtaining negative PCR test results due to huge presence of dogs in subclinical carrier stage.
dc.subVeterinary Medicine
dc.themeVeterinary Medicine/Ameliorative potential of Tinospora cordifolia extract on ehrlichiosis induced anemia in dogs
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.
dc.titleAmeliorative potential of Tinospora cordifolia extract on ehrlichiosis induced anemia in dogs
dc.typeThesis
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
Dr. Sonika Verma M.V.Sc. Veterinary Medicine 2024.pdf
Size:
19.76 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Thesis