Screening of wheat cultivars and bioefficacy of some chemical and bioproducts against wheat aphid
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Date
2018-05
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The field trials were conducted for screening of different wheat cultivars and efficacy of some newer chemicals and bio-products against wheat aphid during rabi crop seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the Norman. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. A pooled data obtained on the screening of wheat cultivars on the basis of resistance against aphids during rabi crop seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17, only 5 wheat cultivars i.e. UP- 2526, UP-2565, UP-2869, UP-2524 and UP-2584 showed resistance against aphids with mean aphid population per shoot per plant (4.829, 4.86, 5.09,5.36 and 5.98), respectively, while rest of the 18 wheat cultivars were found moderately resistance against aphid with mean aphid population ranged from(6.12-10.30aphids/shoot/plant). It was evident from the present study that, among the newer insecticide, neonicotinoids i.e. Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50 ml/ha and Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 100ml/ha were found the most effective against wheat aphids as their mean population was recorded significantly less (3.37 and 3.72 aphids/shoot/plant). On the other hand, among the bioproducts, Neem oil was proved to be most effective with least mean population (3.57 aphid/shoot/plant) followed by Metarhizium anisopilae (5.73 aphids/shoot/plant) and Vekhand powder (5.99 aphids/shoot/plant). The effect of insecticides and bioproducts on the natural enemies associated with wheat aphids clearly showed the more population of coccinellids (2.55/m2) and syrphid maggots (2.70/m2) in bioproduct i.e. Vekhand powder followed by Verticillium lacanni (coccinellids, 2.45/m2 and syrphid maggots (2.45/m2) whereas in case of insecticides the population of coccinellids and syrphid maggots observed comparatively very less in Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.30/m2, 0.60/m2). The average grain yield of wheat obtained highest 46.36q/ha from plots treated with thiamethoxam 25 WG followed by imidacloprid 17.8 SL (43.16q/ha). In bioproducts highest grain yield was obtained from Neem oil (39.00 q/ha) followed by Metarhizium anisopilae (34.31 q/ha) and Neem seed extract (33.37 q/ha). The present field study clearly demonstrated that Five resistant wheat cultivars viz. UP-2526, UP-2565, UP-2869, UP-2524 and UP-2584, novel insecticides i.e. Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 50ml/ha and Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 100ml/ha and bioproducts i.e. Neem oil @ 3ml, Metarhizium anisopilae@ 3g/l and Neem seed extract powder@ 5g/l can ultimately be a safe alternatives for management of wheat aphids as these newer insecticides and bioproducts appeared to be the most effective against the wheat aphids and caused less harm to natural enemies and gave more grain yields. Thus, it can be concluded that host plant resistance, bioproducts and comparatively safer insecticides can easily be incorporated in integrated pest management programme for management of wheat aphids in wheat cropping system.
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