Management of Surgical Affections of High-Rise Syndrome in Feline
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Date
2024-04-10
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MAFSU, Nagpur
Abstract
The research project entitled “Management of surgical affections of high-rise syndrome
in feline” was undertaken to study the incidence and the surgico-therapeutic management of
different surgical affections associated with high-rise syndrome (HRS) and also to study the
changes in haemato-biochemical along with serum lactate levels in feline high rise syndrome. The
prevalence of feline high-rise syndrome in Mumbai city was found to be 9.82% from January 2023
to November 2023, while the incidence of HRS in BSDPHA in the prospective study was found
to be 7.5%.
Out of the total high-rise syndrome cases reported in the retrospective study, 146 cases
(19%) were related to cleft palate (n=146/772) followed by 70 cases (9%) of mandibular fractures
(n=70/772) and 49 cases (6%) of ocular trauma (n=49/772) and 89 cases (11%) were related to
pneumothorax (n=89/772). 14% of the HRS cases reported were related to femur fracture
(n=110/772), 12% were related to tibia fracture (n=89/772), 11% were related to pelvic fractures
(n=85/772), 7% were related to spinal trauma (n=55/772), 3%) were related to the humerus fracture
(n=20/772), 6% were related to radius ulna fracture (n=50/772) and 3% were related to metacarpal
affections (n=20/772) respectively.
In the prospective study, out of 30 cases, 6 cases (20%) were of cleft palate (n=6), 8 cases
(26.66%) were of spinal affections which include compression (n=8), luxation or fracture. 2 cases
(6.6%) were of mandibular symphysial fracture (n=2), 3 cases (10%) were of tibial fractures (n=3),
3 cases (10%) of radius ulna affections (n=3) 6 cases (20%) were related to femur affections (n=6),
1 case (3.3%) was of pelvis fracture (n=1) and 1 case (3.3%) of humerus affections (n=1) were
noted.
There were 30 cases of incidence which had a history of falling from a height amongst
which 15 were DSH cats & 15 were Persian cat breeds. 60% of cases reported were males and 40
% of cases were females. It was noted that 10% of male cats were neutered and 50% were non
neutered. Female cats had 6 cases which were neutered and non-neutered adding 20% each
respectively in feline high-rise cases.
Non neutered males showed higher incidence of fallen from height in comparison with
neutered males whereas females which were neutered or non-neutered reported in same numbers. The cases which had fallen from lower floors (2-4 floors) had orofacial manifestations such as
cleft palate, eyeball proptosis, mandibular symphysial fracture and above 4th floors showed
orthopaedic affections such as femoral fracture, tibial fractures, pelvic fractures or spinal
compressions, luxations.
All the cases were pre anaesthetized with Butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg BW IV) and immediately
by Midazolam (0.2 mg/kg BW IV) and anaesthetized with Propofol (3-5 mg/kg BW IV) and
intermittent maintenance with Propofol (1-3 mg/kg BW IV).
There was a significant decrease in total erythrocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte
count, alanine transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, Bilirubin total and
Bilirubin indirect respectively.
Serum lactate also showed a significant decrease after surgico-therapeutic management of
HRS cases. Increased serum lactate levels were also associated with increased days of
hospitalization and prognosis of the patient. Serum lactate values also increased with an increase
in floors from which the cases had fallen.
Results suggested that feline high-rise patients can be stabilized with basic protocol and
triage evaluation along with diagnostic tests and imaging techniques. From this study, it can be
concluded that initial stabilization of cats with therapeutic management followed by surgicotherapeutic
management of orofacial, orthopaedic and vertebral injuries in cats can help saving the
lives of the majority of the patients (70%, n=21).