“SOIL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) AS INFLUENCED BY USE OF WATER HAVING VARIABLE SALINITY AND SODICITY”
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Date
2018-07
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JAU,JUNAGADH
Abstract
Key words: Wheat, salinity levels, sodicity levels, growth, yield attributes and yield, quality, nutrient uptake and available nutrients and soil properties
A pot experiment was conducted at Net House, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the “Soil properties and yield of wheat crop as influenced by use of water having variable salinity and sodicity” during the rabi- 2017.
The experiment comprising of four levels of saline irrigation water viz., 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1 and four levels of sodic irrigation water viz., 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 SAR in completely randomized design (Factorial) replicated three times were tested with respect to growth, yield attributes and yield, uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu,) by grain and straw of wheat crop and status of soil available nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) and exchangeable and water soluble nutrients (K, Ca, Mg and Na) after harvest of the crop. The experimental soil was clayey texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (pH2.5 8.08), without having any problem of salinity (EC2.5 0.48 dS m-1) From the fertility point of view the soil was moderately supplied with organic carbon (6.5 g kg-1), available nitrogen (297 kg ha-1), phosphorus (39.20 kg ha-1), but was high in available potassium (425 kg ha-1). Among the DTPA extractable micronutrients, the experimental soil was found medium with respect to Fe (5.91 mg kg-1), Zn (0.75 mg kg-1) and Mn (8.72 mg kg-1), but was high with respect to Cu (0.62 mg kg-1).
Application of different levels of saline irrigation water produced significant effect on growth, yield attributes and yield, quality, uptake of nutrients, available nutrients and soil properties after harvest of wheat crop. The maximum plant height, number of tillers per plant, length of main spike, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, number of grains per spikelet, days to heading and grain and straw yield was observed with EC-2 dS m-1, where as germination percentage and days to maturity was unaffected by different levels of saline irrigation water. The quality parameters like test weight and protein content were found maximum with the saline irrigation water level of EC-2 dS m-1. The maximum concentration and uptake of the macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients of grain and straw of
wheat crop was observed with the EC-2 dS m-1. The available macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients of soil after harvest of the crop was found maximum with the saline irrigation water level of EC-2 dS m-1. The water soluble and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were found maximum with EC-2 dS m-1, where as water soluble and exchangeable Na and soil properties like EC2.5, ECe, pH2.5, pHs and ESP found maximum with EC-8 dS m-1.
Application of different levels of sodic irrigation water produced significant effect on growth, yield attributes and yield, quality, uptake of nutrients, available nutrients and soil properties after harvest of the wheat crop. The maximum plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet, days to heading and grain and straw yield was observed with SAR- 5.0, where as length of main spike, number of grains per spike, germination percentage and days to maturity remain unaffected by different levels of sodic irrigation water. The quality parameters like test weight and protein content were found maximum with the sodic irrigation water level of SAR- 5.0. The maximum concentration and uptake of the macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients of grain and straw of wheat crop was observed with the SAR- 5.0. The available macro (N, P and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) nutrients and organic carbon of soil after harvest of the crop was found maximum with the sodic irrigation water level of SAR-5.0. The water soluble and exchangeable K was found maximum with SAR- 5.0, where as water soluble and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Na found maximum with SAR- 20.0. The soil properties like ECe (dS m-1), pH2.5, pHs and ESP of the soil was found minimum with SAR- 5.0 and found maximum with SAR- 20.0 and where as EC2.5 remain unaffected by sodic irrigation water.
The interaction effect between different levels of saline and sodic irrigation water was not found significant on growth, yield attributes and yield, quality parameters but concentration and uptake of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu by grain and straw, except concentration of Fe, Zn and Cu in grain and Zn in straw produced their significant effect on available N, P2O5, K2O and Zn and water soluble cations Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, exchangeable Na+ and pH2.5 of soil after harvest of wheat crop.
Significantly the highest Fe, Zn and Cu in grain and Zn content in straw were found under C1×S1 (EC-2.0 dS m-1 and SAR-5.0) and the lowest with C4×S4 (EC-8.0 dS m-1 and SAR-20.0). Significantly the highest water soluble and exchangeable Ca++ and Mg++ were observed with C4×S1 (EC-8.0 dS m-1 and SAR-5.0) and the lowest with C1×S4 (EC-2.0 dS m-1 and SAR-20.0). The water soluble and exchangeable Na+ was found significantly highest with C4×S4 (EC-8.0 dS m-1 and SAR-20.0) and the lowest with C1×S1 (EC-2.0 dS m-1 and SAR-5.0). Water soluble K+ was found significantly highest with C1×S1 (EC-2.0 dS m-1 and SAR-5.0) and the lowest with C4×S4 (EC-8.0 dS m-1 and SAR-20.0). The interaction effect of saline and sodic irrigation water was not found significant on soil properties like CEC, ESP, EC2.5, ECe dS m-1 and pHs, but pH2.5 was significantly influenced and found maximum with C4×S4 (EC-8.0 dS m-1 and SAR-20.0).
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CHEMISTRY AND SOIL SCIENCE