PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE FRACTIONATION OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATES USING CNCP SYSTEM FOR FORMULATION OF CONCENTRATE MIXTURES AND THEIR EVALUVATION BY RUMEN FERMENTATION PATTERN
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Date
2005-11
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Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
An attempt was made to fractionate the carbohydrate and protein content of locally available energy (maize,jower,bajra, ragi, korra, rice bran,wheat bran,red gram chuni,palm seed meal,mango seed kernel, tamarind seed kernel,neem seed meal,sal seed meal and shea nut meal) and protein supplements (peanutmeal, soy bean meal,sunflower meal,sesame meal,coconut meal and cotton seed meal) into different fractions using CNCP system.
The twenty feedstuffs were analysed for their proximate and cell wall constituents. The crude protein content of energy supplements varied from 8.6%(jower) to 19.1%(tamarind seed kernel) and in protein supplements it varied from 24.4%(coconut meal ) to 44.6%(soybean meal),The nitrogen free extract content of energy supplements ranged from 31.1%(neem seed meal) to 84.5%(jower) and that of protein supplements varied from 24.2%(soy bean meal) to 58.7% (coconut meal).
The hemicellulose content of the twenty feedstuffs ranged from 3.9%(neem seed meal) to 44.1% (wheat bran) while the cellulose content varied from 3.1%(maize) to 34.8%(shea nut meal).The palm seed meal showed the highest (19.4%) lignin content. The feedstuffs were analysed for their carbohydrate (starch, NSC, lignin) and protein (soluble protein, NPN, NDF insoluble protein, ADF insoluble protein components). The mean non-structural carbohydrate (NSC% of DM) content was almost similar in energy (33.63%) and protein (31.43%) supplements. The mean non-protein nitrogen (NPN% of SP) content was found to be high in energy supplements (73.72%) than that of protein (55.71%) supplements.
The protein content of the feedstuffs was partitioned into five fractions A (non protein nitrogen) B1 (rapidly degraded in the rumen) B2 (intermedially degradable protein) B3 (slowly degradable protein in the rumen) C (unavailable or bound protein). Proteins fractions B3 and C were high in (21.21, 15.75% of CP) energy supplements than protein supplements (16.86, 8.38) respectively. The B2 fraction was similar in energy (33.312% CP) and protein (32.49% CP) supplements protein fraction B1 and A found to be high in protein supplements (16.36% CP and 25.9% CP) than the energy supplements (8.11 and 21.6% of CP) respectively.
The mean carbohydrate fraction A (sugars) was almost equal in protein (6.98% of carbohydrate) and energy (5.77% of carbohydrate) supplements. The mean fraction B1 (rapidly degraded was high (47.58%) in protein supplements and low (35.45%) in energy supplements. Whereas the mean B2 (slowly degradable carbohydrate) fraction was high (45.03% of carbohydrate) in energy supplements than protein supplements (29.01). The mean fraction C (unavailable fiber) was high in protein supplements (16.41% of carbohydrate) than energy supplements (13.74% of carbohydrate). The mean RDP (% of crude protein content) carbohydrate was high (63.86%) in protein supplements and low (47.7%) in energy supplements.
The twenty feedstuffs were classified into three groups (high, medium and low) based on gram MP/Mcal ME ratio and found that soybean meal positioned (76.06) at first place while jowar (19.48) positioned last among the twenty concentrate mixtures. The rice bran and wheat bran were placed in medium quality.
The in vitro dry matter digestibility ranged from 19.58 (red gram chuni) to 79.76% (wheat bran) among energy supplements and 58.9% (sunflower meal) to 85.59% coconut meal among protein supplements. The mean IVDMD percentage was higher (71.45%) in protein supplements than energy supplements (54.31%).
Four concentrate mixtures were formulated using RDP and UDP contents of feedstuffs obtained by CNCP system and were evaluated by studying the rumen fermentation pattern and in sacco protein degradability in the fistulated steers by 4 x 4 latin square design. The concentrate mixtures, [1. high protein and high RDP (HPHR) with 20% CP and 75% RDP 2. High protein and low RDP (HPLR) with 20% CP and 60% RDP. 3. Low protein and low RDP (LPLR) with 16% CP and 60% RDP 4. Low protein and high RDP (LPHR) with 16% CP and 75% RDP] were formulated using maize, rice bran, peanut meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, urea, salt and mineral mixture.
The in sacco effective protein disappearance percentage of (EPD%) was 77.77, 64.87, 63.1 and 78.3% for HPHR, HPLR, LPLR and LPHR respectively. The RDP value estimated by CNCP system were almost similar to the in sacco techniques.
Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among the four concentration mixtures with regard to rumen liquor pH at 1, 2, 3 h of post feeding. Lower mean pH (66.18) was observed with high protein and high RDP concentrate mixture. The pH of rumen liquor reduced up to 4th hour of post feeding with all the four concentrate mixtures. Significant different at 1, 3, 4 h (P < 0.05) and at 2 hours of (P < 0.01) post feeding with regard to ammonia nitrogen concentration. The peak rumen NH3-N concentration was observed with HPHR concentrate mixture. High NH3-N concentration was observed at 3 h of post-feeding with all the concentrate mixtures.
The TVFA concentration showed significant difference (P < 0.05) at 1 h of post feeding. The mean TVFA concentration was high (88.72 mEq / L SRL) with HPHR and low (78.78) mEq / L SRL with LPLR.
From the present study it can be concluded that the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS) can be used to estimate the RDP content and MP : ME ratio of feedstuffs that is available to the animal without carrying out costly and time consuming animal experimentation. CNCP system will be useful in formulating economical rations with better utilization.
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Keywords
RUMEN FERMENTATION; CNCP; protein supplements; CONCENTRATE MIXTURES