CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) VARIETIES THROUGH SEED, SEEDLING AND PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL TESTS 2969
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Date
2019-07
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
An experiment was carried out during kharif 2018 at Sagdividi Farm,
Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh
Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize and group the 44 mung bean
genotypes based on morphological characters (18 plant morphological characters,
three seed morphological characters, four seedling characters) and chemical tests
(phenol test, peroxidase test, KOH test and NaOH test).
Time of flowering varied with the genotypes ranging from 37.33 days (GJM
1011) to 53.67 days (Pant M-3). Based on time of flowering, the genotypes were
grouped as early (two genotypes EC 482907 and GJM 1011), medium (41 genotypes)
and late (one genotype Pant M-3). Flower colour of petal was yellow in two
genotypes (EC 251810 and GM 06-08), while it was light yellow in 42 genotypes.
Petiole colour was observed green (seven genotypes), green with purple (14
genotypes) and purple (23 genotypes). Based on plant habit, genotypes were grouped
as indeterminate (seven genotypes) and determinate (37 genotypes). Based on plant
growth habit, genotypes were grouped as erect (seven genotypes), semi-erect (21
genotypes) and spreading type (16 genotypes). Among 44 genotypes, plant height
was short in one genotype (K 851), while it was long in 12 genotypes and medium in
the remaining 31 genotypes.
Pubescence was present in all the genotypes evaluated. Stem color was noted
green in 17 genotypes and green with purple in 27 genotypes.
Leaflet lobes were present in two genotypes (GJM 1103 and GM 06-08),
whereas, it was absent in 42 genotypes. Leaf colour was dark green in 29 genotypes
and green in 15 genotypes. Based on leaf vein color, the genotypes were grouped as
green (five genotypes) and purple (39 genotypes). Shape of leaf was ovate in 41
genotypes, whereas it was deltoid in three genotypes (GJM 1020, GJM 1022 and GM
1924). Leaf size was large in three genotypes (EC 496841, GJM 1026 and OUM 11-
5), small in seven genotypes and medium in 34 genotypes.
All the genotypes evaluated were having green premature pod colour with
pubescence on pods. Pod position was indeterminate in only one genotype (GM
1924), while it was observed above canopy in all the remaining 43 genotypes. Based
on the pod colour of mature pods, genotypes were grouped into two groups as black
(18 genotypes) and brown (26 genotypes) colour pods. Pod length of mature pods was
long in three genotypes (GJM 1025, Kopergaon and TARM 18), short in 18
genotypes and medium in 23 genotypes.All the 44 mung bean genotypes evaluated were of green colour seeds. Based
on seed shape, genotypes were grouped into drum (42 genotypes) and oval shape (two
genotypes GJM 1011 and IC 24789). Seed size was medium in 32 genotypes and
large in 12 genotypes.
Coleoptiles anthocyanin colouration was absent in all 44 genotypes. Among
44 genotypes, significantly the highest seed germination percentage was observed in
GAM 5 (96.67 %) followed by genotypes GM 4 (96.00 %), GJM 1027 (95.67 %),
GJM 1004 (95.00 %) and GJM 1022 (95.00 %) and the lowest were observed in
OUM 11-5 (91.00 %). Significantly the longest seedling length was recorded in the
GAM 5 (31.66 cm) and the shortest seedling length in RMG 268 (23.93 cm).
Significantly the highest seedling vigour index (length) was noticed in GAM 5
(3060.79) and the lowest seedling vigour index (length) was noticed in RMG 268
(2209.84). Based on seedling vigour index (length), the genotypes were grouped as
high seedling vigour with one genotype (GAM 5), low seedling vigour with 24
genotypes and medium seedling vigour with 19 genotypes.
All 44 genotypes expressed orange colour in potassium hydroxide test.
Among 44 genotypes, phenol test exhibited brown colour response in eight genotypes
and dark brown colour in remaining 36 genotypes. Peroxidase test showed light
brown colour (13 genotypes) and dark brown colour (31 genotypes) response. Sodium
hydroxide test recorded orange colour in 18 genotypes and straw color in 26
genotypes.
In the present study, it was found that Pant M-3 was distinct genotype based
on flower morphology, as it was late in flowering with light yellow purple colour, On
the basis of plant morphological characteristics, K 851 was distinct genotype with
dwarf stature, green with purple petiole colour, determinate plant habit and spreading
type plant growth habit, and genotype EC 482907 was distinct genotype with tall
stature with green petiole, indeterminate plant habit and spreading type plant growth
habit. Based on leaf characters, genotype GJM 1020 was distinct genotype with small
leaf size, deltoid leaf shape, dark green leaf, purple vein and absent of leaflet lobes,
while GM 06-08 was distinct with medium leaf size, ovate leaf shape, green leaf,
purple vein and present of leaflet lobes and GJM 1103 with small leaf size, ovate leaf
shape, dark green leaf, purple vein and present of leaflet lobes. Based on pod
morphology, the genotype GM 1924 was distinct with indeterminate pod position
with brown colour medium length pods at maturity, while TARM 18 was distinct
with brown pod colour at maturity with long pod length and GJM 1025 and
Kopergaon were distinct with black colour long pods at maturity. Based on seed
morphology, genotypes GJM 1011 and IC 24789 were distinct genotypes with oval
seed shape and medium seed size. Based on chemical tests, genotype GAM 5 was
distinct, as it showed light brown colour reaction in peroxidase test, brown colour in
phenol test and straw colour in NaOH test. Similarly, K 851 and Kopergaon showed
same response as light brown colour reaction in peroxidase test, brown colour in
phenol test and orange colour in NaOH test.
Assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production
programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for
genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The present study suggested
that plant, seed and seedling morphological characteristics were found to be useful in
broad classification of mung bean genotypes. Further, the cultivar reaction to
different chemicals like potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, peroxidase test and
phenol test were also found useful in grouping of mung bean genotypes.