GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2019
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati, during kharif 2018 to study the genetic parameters, genetic divergence, character association and path analysis in 30 advanced breeding lines of groundnut. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters studied indicating the presence of ample amount of variability among the genotypes. Per se performance of genotypes revealed that TCGS2174, TCGS-1901, TCGS-1904, TCGS-1839, TCGS-1888, TCGS-1845, TCGS-1910, TCGS-2160, TCGS-1899, TCGS-1884 and TCGS-2153 were found promising advanced breeding lines for yield, physiological and quality traits. Higher estimates for GCV and PCV were observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, dry haulms yield per plant, sucrose content, total soluble sugars and total free amino acids. Similarly, moderate GCV and PCV values were recorded for specific leaf area at 45 DAS, 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight whereas plant height, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant exhibited moderate GCV and high PCV values. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for specific leaf area at 45 DAS, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, total soluble sugars, sucrose content and total free amino acids indicating the
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preponderance of additive gene action in expression of these characters and selection would be effective for improvement of these characters. Using D2 analysis 30 advanced breeding lines of groundnut were grouped into ten clusters. The characters viz., total free amino acids followed by number of secondary branches per plant, sound mature kernel per cent, sucrose content contributed more towards genetic divergence. Based on genetic divergence studies, the following genotypes were suggested for successful hybridization programme. The genotypes viz., TCGS-1888 (cluster VIII), TCGS-1881 (cluster IX), TCGS-1845 (cluster IX), TCGS-2166 (cluster X) and from cluster III (TCGS-1899, TCGS-2153, TCGS-2184, TCGS-1508, TCGS-1809, TCGS-1813) can be recommended for use in the breeding programme for the development of transgressive segregants for physiological, yield and quality traits.
Character association analysis revealed that the characters viz., number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, dry haulms yield per plant, harvest index and kernel yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with pod yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that kernel yield per plant followed by dry haulms yield per plant, harvest index, number of mature pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant exhibited high positive direct effect on pod yield per plant.
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D5853
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