A Statistical Study on Food Security of India
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Date
2017-06
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University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad
Abstract
This study was conducted during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The study was based on secondary data of area, production and productivity for the last 25 years from 1990 to 2015. For the investigation, growth rates of production of major food items, shifts in area under major food grains and requirement and availability of major food groups were studied by using compound annual growth rate, Markov chain and ARIMA techniques.
Growth rate analysis revealed that maize was the cereal crop which marked the highest growth rate of production (4.58 %). Bengal gram, soybean, orange, onion and eggs showed the highest growth rates of production among pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and animal products. Markov chain analysis showed that maize had the highest retention among kharif cereals with respect to area (74.14 %) and least by sorghum (7.20 %). In rabi season, others (maize, barley, green gram, black gram and small millets) retained maximum area under cultivation of 67.61 per cent followed by bengal gram (58.01 %) and least was by ragi (16.59 %). Requirement and availability of the food items revealed that cereals and millets had an excess production and which was increasingly surplus whereas the difference between requirement and availability was found to be increasingly deficit in case of pulses and edible oils. Fruits and vegetables showed a deficit production compared to the requirement in the initial periods but became surplus in the later period of the study. Milk and meat production were also found to be deficit in the initial years and turned to surplus production in the later period. Availability of eggs was also found to be deficit but the gap was reducing over the years.