EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AND MAGNESIUM OXIDE ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF EARLY LACTATING CROSS BRED COWS
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Date
2022
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ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL
Abstract
The present study was conducted to analyze the effect of various levels of sodium
bicarbonate and magnesium on production performance of early lactating crossbred cows. The
study was carried out in phase 1(In vitro) and phase 2 (in vivo). In phase, graded levels of
sodium bicarbonate (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 %) and combination of sodium bicarbonate and
magnesium oxide (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 %) (68:32) on rumen fermentation parameters were
observed in 50:50 and 60: 40 roughages to concentrate ratio (R:C) substrates. All the rumen
fermentation parameters (IVDMD, IVOMD, pH, NH3-N, acetate, propionate, butyrate, net gas,
MBP) were similar among the groups. In phase 2, eighteen lactating cross bred cows were
selected and divided into three groups, i.e., control, T1 and T2 based on parity, milk production,
body weight and DIM. Each group had six animals and they were fed as per ICAR, (2013)
feeding standard. T1 and T2 groups were additionally supplemented with sodium bicarbonate
@ 1.5% dry matter and sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide (68:32) @ 1% of dry matter
respectively. Feeding trial was conducted for 120 days. Blood samples were collected from
experimental animals at monthly intervals for the analysis of plasma minerals, plasma
biochemical parameters, and plasma IGF-1. Blood gas analysis was performed with whole
blood at 90 and 120 days of the trial. Seven days digestion trial was conducted in middle of the
experiment.
In phase II, body weight and BCS values were similar in all groups. Overall dry matter
intake increased significantly (p<0.05) in treatment groups than control group but DMI/ 100
kg body weight mean values were similar. Blood biochemical parameters (glucose, total
protein, albumin, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA and BHBA)
were similar in all groups. No noticeable difference was found in IGF-1 levels due to dietary
treatments. Milk yield and 4% FCM yield were higher (p<0.05) due to dietary buffer
treatments. Milk fat percentage in the treatment group is higher (p<0.05) than control group.
On other hand, milk lactose, SNF and protein percentage were similar in all experimental
groups. Nutrient (DM, OM, CP, CF, ADF, NDF and NFE) digestibility remained the same in
all the experimental groups. Urine pH significantly higher (p<0.01) in treatment groups than
control group but fecal pH was similar among experimental groups. Blood pH was higher
(p<0.01) in treatment groups due to buffer inclusion. However, between T1 and T2 no difference
found. Blood bicarbonate concentration increased in 1.5% sodium bicarbonate fed (T1) group
than control and T2 groups. Plasma sodium (mmol/L) increased (p<0.01) in T1 and T2 than
control. Plasma Ca, P, K, Mg, Cl-, Cu, Zn values were similar among experimental groups.
Saturated fatty acid percentage increased (p<0.05) in treatment groups but mono unsaturated
fatty acid percentage lower (p<0.05) treatment groups than control groups. Mono unsaturated
fatty acids were similar among experimental groups. Saturated fatty acids like myristic,
pentadecanoic, palmitic acid percentage increased (p<0.05) in treatment groups than control
group. Mono unsaturated fatty acid like palmitoleic acid percentage decreased in both the
treatment groups. But, Cis-9 Oleic acid (C18:1) significantly decreased in T1 group only not in
T2. Based on the results, it may be concluded that 1.5 % of sodium bicarbonate in the ration of
early lactating crossbred cows and sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide (68:32)
combination 1.0% of the dry matter inclusion improved DMI without affecting digestibility of
nutrients. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide increased Na+ and
HCO3
- level in blood and urine pH while all the parameters remained same milk yield and fat
percentage increase in the treatment groups than control group without affecting other
composition of milk.