Genetic architecture of yield and some morphophysiological heat tolerance traits in bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell)
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Date
2015-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Research work on combining ability analysis, gene action and heterosis for yield and heat tolerance contributing traits in wheat genotypes was carried out using line x tester analysis at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand. Randomized Block Design with three replications using sixty one genotypes in two environments was used to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis. 20 characters were used viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), tillers per plant, flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), spikelets per spike, grains per spike, grain weight per spike(g), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), awn length, grain filling duration, heat susceptibility index, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature depression and relative injury (%). Results of the present investigation revealed that significant variations were present with reference to all the morpho-physiological characters among the different genotypes. BAV 92 was identified as best general combiner for maximum number of traits viz., biological yield/ plant, relative injury, chlorophyll content at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis and HD 2888 for 1000 grain weight, grain yield/ plant, harvest index in timely sown condition (E1) whereas, in late sown condition (E2), VL 944 was recognized as good general combiner for maximum number of traits viz., spike length, awn length, spikelets/ spike, CTD at 15 days after anthesis and grain/ spike. However, PBW 644 was identified as best general combiner for maximum number of traits in pooled analysis viz., grain yield per plant, chlorophyll content at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis, relative injury (%) followed by VL 944 for spike length, spikelets/ spike, grains/ spike, HD 2888 for awn length, tillers/ plant, CTD at anthesis, HD 3122 for 1000 grain weight, grain weight/ spike, days to maturity and WH 1126 for harvest index, flag leaf area, heat susceptibility index. PBW 65*/PASTOR x DPW 621-50 emerged as good specific combination for spike length, 1000 grain weight, chlorophyll content at 15 days after anthesis, CTD at anthesis in timely sown condition (E1). Whereas, BAV 92 x UP 2572 was good specific combination for spikelets/ spike, biological yield/ plant, grains/ spike in late sown condition (E2). However, HD2888 x DPW 621-50 for grain yield/ plant, chlorophyll content at anthesis, grain filling duration was good specific combiner in pooled analysis. Predominant role of non-additive gene action was observed for the inheritance of most of the traits except days to maturity where additive gene actions seems to be involved in the inheritance in timely sown similarly in late sown condition all the traits showed non-additive gene action. Highest percent contribution due to lines was observed for days to heading and grain yield/plant followed by days to maturity in timely and late sown condition, respectively. Similarly, maximum percent contribution due to testers was observed for spike length and productive tillers/ plant in timely and late sown condition, respectively. However, percent contribution due to line x tester was observed in 1000 grain weight and chlorophyll content at 15 days after anthesis in timely and late sown condition, respectively. In timely sown condition, VL 944 x DPW 621-50, HD 3123 x UP 2572, Raj 4229 x UP 2572, PBW 644 x UP 2572 and WH 1126 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x UP 2572, HD 3122 x DPW 621-50, HD 2888 x UP 2572, FILIN/IRENA… x DPW 621-50, VL 944 x UP 2572, HD 2888 x UP 2572, HD 2888 x UP 2572, BAV 92 x Raj 3765, PBW 644 x UP 2572, Raj 4229 x DPW 621-50, Raj 4229 x Raj 3765, PBW 675 x Raj 3765, WH 1126 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x UP were recognized as the best heterotic hybrids over all the levels, for the characters spike length, awn length, productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain weight per spike, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, chlorophyll content at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis, CTD at anthesis, relative injury %, days to maturity, days to 75% heading, grain filling duration, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike respectively. In late sown condition, Raj 4229 x UP 2572, BAV 92 x DPW 621-50, KFA/2*KACHU x DPW 621-50, VL 944 x Raj and PBW 675 x DPW 621-50, HD 2888 x Raj 3765, BAV 92 x DPW 621-50, HD 3122 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x DPW 621- 50, C 306 x DPW 621-50, BAV 92 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x DPW 621-50, HD 2888 x UP 2572, PBW 644 x UP2572, PBW 644 x UP2572, VL 944 x Raj 3765, PBW 675 x DPW 621-50, Raj 4229 x DPW 621-50, HD 3122 x DPW 621-50, HD 2888 x UP 2572, WH 1126 x UP 2572 and VL 944 x DPW 621-50, BAV 92 x DPW 621-50 were recognized as the best heterotic hybrids over all the levels for the characters plant height, spike length, peduncle length, awn length, productive tillers per plant, spikelets/ spike, 1000 grain weight, grain weight per spike, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, chlorophyll content at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis, CTD at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis, relative injury %, days to maturity, days to 75% heading, grain filling duration, flag leaf area and grains per spike respectively. Genotypes VL944, UP2572, DPW 621-50, UP2572, HD 3123, Raj 4229, VL944, DPW 621-50, VL944, FILIN/IRENA..., HD 3123 were selected as heat tolerant on the basis of morphophysiological basis.
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