Effect of Psidium guajava Leaves on Adenine Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats
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Date
2024-03-02
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MAFSU, Nagpur
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the nephroprotective
effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves in adenine induced
chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. The extract was subjected to HR-LCMS
analysis which revealed the presence of various flavonoids and polyphenolic
bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
The study involved 5 groups of 8 male Wistar rats each labelled as Group I served as normal control group which received 0.5% CMC solution by gavage
for 28 days. Group II kept as CKD control group and administered with
adenine solution @100mg/kg b. wt. (1-28 days). Group III was gavaged with
aqueous extract of guava leaves @300mg/kg b. wt. (1-28 days). Group IV
simultaneously received adenine solution and aqueous extract of guava leaves
@100mg/kg and 300mg/kg b. wt. respectively per orally for 1-28 days. Group
V was administered with adenine solution @100mg/kg b. wt. for 1-28 days
and then treated with aqueous extract of guava leaves @300mg/kg from 15-28
days. Rats of adenine intoxicated group showed clinical signs such as
polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration. Adenine treated group II rats showed
significant decrease in weekly feed intake and weekly body weight while
significant increase in weekly water intake and mean and relative kidney
weight. Significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC and lymphocyte count while
significant increase in TLC and neutrophil count was observed in group II.
Serum BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT and phosphorous levels elevated
significantly while serum total protein, albumin, globulin and calcium was
significantly decreased in group II rats. Group II showed significant increase
in MDA while significant decline in SOD, CAT and GSH enzymes. Treatment
with aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves significantly alleviated effects
of adenine induced CKD with marked improvement in general performance,
haematobiochemical and antioxidant parameters in group IV followed by
group V. Grossly kidneys of the group II were significantly enlarged with
extensive deposition of white crystals over the surface. Microscopically,
kidney sections of group II showed profound histopathological changes
characterized by loss of renal histoarchitecture with diffuse interstitial fibrosis
which were mitigated in rats of groups IV and V. Thus, aqueous extract of
Psidium guajava leaves showed nephroprotective effects in adenine induced
chronic kidney disease in rats.