Effect of Organic Manures and Iron Application on Soil Properties, Nutrient Availability and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Alkali Water Irrigation
Loading...
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
The field experiment on “Effect of Organic Manures and Iron
Application on Soil Properties, Nutrient Availability and Yield of Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) Under Alkali Water Irrigation” was conducted for
two consecutive years during the rabi seasons of the years 2019-20
and 2020-21 to evaluate the effect of alkali water, organic manures
and iron application on soil properties (ECe, pHs, OC, ESP, CEC and
different fractions of Fe), nutrient availability, dynamics of soil microbial
biomass and enzymes activities, yield attributes and yield, nutrient
concentration and alkalinity tolerance in wheat under loamy sand soil
at Agronomy Farm, Sri Karan Narendra College of Agriculture, Jobner.
The experiment comprising of 36 treatment combinations were
replicated thrice and was laid out in split-plot design with 3 levels of
alkali water (2, 6 and 10 mmol L-1 RSC), 3 treatments of organic
manures (Control, FYM @ 15 t ha-1
and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1
) in
main plots and 4 levels of iron (control, 50, 100 and 150 kg
FeSO4.7H2O ha-1
) in sub-plots.
Result revealed that the increasing levels of RSC in irrigation
water significantly decreased the ECe, organic carbon, available N, P
and K content, different fractions of Fe and DTPA-Fe in soil after
harvest of crop, while pHs and ESP of soil increased significantly
during both the years and in pooled analysis. The soil biological activity
viz., microbial biomass C, N and P at different months, their buildup,
losses, turnover rate, fluxes, soil dehydrogenase and alkalinephosphatase enzymes activity was reduced significantly due to
increasing levels of RSC in water.
Irrigation with increasing levels of RSC in water significantly
reduced the plant height, numbers of total tillers and effective tillers,
test weight, grain and straw yields of wheat, nutrient concentration viz.,
P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe content and their uptake by grain and straw of
wheat at harvest of crop. The uptake of N by grain, Ca/Mg ratio in
wheat grain and ionic regulation index of potassium (IRI-K) decreased
significantly due to irrigation with higher RSC water whereas, N content
and its uptake by straw, Na content and uptake, Na/K, Na+K/Ca and
Na/Ca ratio in grain and straw of wheat, degree of compartmentation
and ionic regulation index of sodium (IRI-Na) significantly increased
with increasing levels of RSC in irrigation water.
Application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1
significantly increased the CEC,
organic carbon content, available N, P and K content in soil after
harvest of crop. The pHs and ESP of soil decreased significantly. The
application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 significantly increased fractions
of iron in soil after harvest of crop. Soil microbial biomass C, N and P,
their buildup, loss of P, annual fluxes, soil dehydrogenase enzyme
activity and alkaline phosphatase activity at different months after
sowing of crop increased significantly, while the loss of microbial
biomass C and N decreased significantly under application of 15 t FYM
ha-1
. The turnover rate of microbial biomass C, N and P decreased
significantly under application of organic manures.
Application of organic manures significantly increased the plant
height, numbers of total tillers and effective tillers, test weight, grain
and straw yields of wheat. A significant increase in nutrients content
and uptake by grain and straw (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe), Na uptake by
grain and straw, Ca/Mg ratio in grain and ionic regulation index of
potassium (IRI-K) at flowering stage of wheat was observed under
vermicompost and FYM application. The content of Na, Na/K, Na+K/Ca
and Na/Ca in grain and straw of wheat, degree of compartmentation,
ionic regulation index of sodium (IRI-Na) at flowering stage significantly
decreased due to application of vermicompost and FYM.
The interactive effect of alkali water and organic manures
significantly influenced the grain and straw yields of wheat and it was
observed that the magnitude of decrease in grain and straw yields of
wheat was observed to be less with the application of organic manures
under all levels of RSC water.
Application of iron significantly increased its fractions in soil at
harvest of crop. The plant height, numbers of total tillers and effective
tillers, test weight, grain and straw yields of wheat increased
significantly with the application of iron. The content and uptake of N,
K, Ca, Mg and Fe increased significantly, while uptake of P and Na by
grain and straw of wheat increased significantly with the application of
iron. The ratio of Ca/Mg in grain and straw of wheat and ionic
regulation index of potassium (IRI-K) at flowering stage increased
significantly under application of iron, whereas P and Na contents,
Na/K, Na+K/Ca and Na/Ca ratios in grain and straw of wheat, degree
of compartmentation and ionic regulation index of sodium (IRI-Na)
were decreased significantly with the application of iron.
The optimum dose of Fe was computed as 84.28 kg
FeSO4.7H2O ha-1 with corresponding wheat grain yield of 3306.72 kg
ha-1
in pooled analysis