EMPOWERMENT AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION AMONG LIVESTOCK BASED WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS (KUDUMBASHREE) IN WAYANAD DISTRICT
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Date
2018-01-08
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Kerala Veterinary and animal science university, Pookode
Abstract
The present study on empowerment and employment generation among livestock based women self-help groups in Wayanad district was undertaken among Ksheerasagaram, Adugramam and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries of Kudumbashree organisation. The objectives were to study different dimensions of the empowerment of Livestock based women self-help groups (LWSHG) members, measure the employment generated by various livestock activities among the LWSHG members and study the constraints encountered by the LWSHG members.
The personal profile of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram, Adugramam and Kozhikoottam revealed that a majority of them were of middle age with education of primary and secondary level. Most of them had agriculture as primary occupation and animal husbandry as secondary occupation with more than ten years of experience in respective animal husbandry activities. Further, socio-economic profile analysis revealed that most of the beneficiaries were belonging to nuclear family with family size of three to four members. Majority of the beneficiaries in Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam were Hindus where as in Kozhikoottam most of the beneficiaries were Muslims. Majority of the beneficiaries belonged to general caste. Annual income of beneficiaries after joining SHG has shown increase when compared to income before joining SHG. Most of them were having land of below one acre with well irrigation.
Livestock possession analysis revealed that majority of beneficiaries in Ksheerasagaram were having one to two cattle, in Adugramam three to four goats and in Kozhikoottam 15 to 20 birds. Majority of Ksheerasagaram beneficiaries marketed milk to cooperative societies and the beneficiaries relied heavily on the local merchants for marketing of male calves, unproductive cattle and goats. Majority of beneficiaries under Kozhikoottam were using eggs and chicken for household purpose. Most of the groups in all three livestock activities were composed of five members. Beneficiaries of both Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam had very low extension agency contact, beneficiaries had less extension agency contact and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries had high extension agency contact. With regard to information source utilization both Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam beneficiaries utilized less information sources and Kozhikoottam beneficiaries utilized more information source. While majority of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram and Adugramam had attended more than one training, the Kozhikoottam beneficiaries attended only one training. Members under these three livestock activities were not having membership in other animal husbandry or agricultural organisations.
The study further explored the attitude of beneficiaries towards animal husbandry and revealed that the beneficiaries in all three livestock activities had neither extreme unfavourable nor too much favourable attitude towards respective animal husbandry practices. Exploration
on knowledge level also indicated that the beneficiaries were distributed almost evenly among categories of knowledge possession from very low to very high.
Empowerment of beneficiaries revealed that majority of beneficiaries under Ksheerasagaram and Kozhikoottam were highly empowered whereas Adugramam beneficiaries’ empowerment level was comparatively low. Due to its time consuming activities employment generation was higher in Ksheerasagaram when compared to Adugramam and Kozhikoottam. Constraints faced by SHG members were studied and some of the most important constraints for Ksheerasagaram were difficulty in procurement of green fodder, higher cost of compound feed and medicines, etc., The Kozhikoottam beneficiaries reported mortality of birds, frequent disease outbreaks, lack of knowledge on vaccination, etc. as constraints and kids mortality during kidding, lack of knowledge on scientific goat faming, marketing, etc. were reported by Adugramam beneficiaries.
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