EFFECT OF FEEDING SWEET SORGHUM BAGASSE (SSB) BASED DIETS ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE IN NATIVE SHEEP
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Date
2011-02
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a by-product of ethanol industry and gaining
importance in the country. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the
nutritional value of SSB and SSB silage based rations, to optimize the SSB to
concentrate ratio and evolve an economically viable and easily adaptable processed
SSB based complete diet, documented with the performance of growing lambs in
terms of growth rate, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics. '
Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen
free extract, total ash, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose,
cellulose and lipin content of SSB was 92.5, 90.75, 3.94, 1.89, 37.58, 47.34, 9.25,
74.76, 42.93, 3 1.84, 37.75 and 4.24 per cent, respectively. The major elements
calcium, phosphorus and trace elements like Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe content were 0.82,
0.47 per cent and 57.40, 47.67, 48.78 and 0.27 ppm, respectively. The IVDMD (%) of
SSB was 40.27k1.68. The gas. volume (m1/200mg) produced during 24 hr of
incubation of SSB was 42.67*0.17 and IVOMD (mg), ME (MJ/kg DM), PF, TDOM
(mg), MBP (mg) and EMBP (%) were 93.87rt0.37, 8.13*0.02, 2.79*0.01,
1 19.08*0.34, 25.2 1*0.35, 2 1.1 7dz0.28, respectively. The bulk density of SSB was
4.W0.06 and 6.5 *0.25 kglcft, respectively for chopped and ground forms. The
modulus of uniformity, modulus of fineness, particle size (p) and molasses
absorbability (%) of SSB were 5:2:3, 5.33,665.303*1.52 and 33.0, respectively.
The nutritive value of SSB was estimated in adult Deccani rams by using
difference method of digestibility trial with sunflower cake. The digestibility
coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE of SSB were 52.57k0.93, 57.48h1.85,
47.2 1k2.50, 58.62*1.24, 50.83*1.09 and 57.32k3.86 per cent, respectively. The SSB
contained 1.86*0.10 and 50.5W1.79 per cent DCP and TDN, respectively. The SSB
was made into silage in chopped and unchopped forms and evaluated for nutrient
utilization in Deccani ram lambs with concentrate supplementation. Chopping
significantly (Pc0.05) depressed the DM and CF digestibility of SSB silage. There
was no significant difference observed in the digestibility of CP, EE, NFE and fibre
fractions, nitrogen balance, DCP and TDN intakes of ram lambs fed unchopped and
chopped SSB silage.
The optimum ratios of SSB to concentrate in complete feed were determined
by using in vitro gas technique with eight SSB to concentrate ratios of 100:O (Ration
I), 90:lO (Ration II), 80:20 (Ration 111), 70:3G (Ration TV), 60:40 (Ration V), 50:50
(Ration VI), 40:60 (RationVII) and 30:70 (Ration VIII), respectively. The in vitro gas
production volume and IVOMD was significantly (Pc0.01) higher for the ration I11 to
VIII. Among all the rations, VIII has shown higher (Pc0.01) ME and TDOM
compared to other rations and the trend observed in ME, TDOM values reflected that,
as the concentrates proportion increased, these values were also proportionately
increased. The rations fiom I1 to VIII were significantly (Pc0.01) higher in PF, MBP
and EMBP. However, no significant difference was observed for PF and EMBP
among the rations from V to VIII.
Based on the in vitro studies, rations containing 60 (CR-I), 50 (CR-11), 40
(CR-111) and 30 per cent (CR-IV) SSB were selected as best levels of inclusion in
complete diets and evaluated in a growth trial (180 d) using twenty four Nellore x
Deccani cross ram lambs. No significant difference was observed in total weight gain,
ADG, FCR, whereas costlkg gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher in lambs fed CRIV
ration. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, NFE and fibre fractions were
not significantly different among the rations. The CP and EE digestibilities were
significantly (Pc0.01) higher in CR-IV ration. The average daily intakes of GE, DE
and ME were similar among the lambs fed experimental rations. The N balance was
significantly (Pe0.05) lower in lambs fed CR-1 ration than CR-I11 and IV. All lambs
were in positive Ca and P balance. The DCP content of the diets exhibited significant
(P<0.01) linear increase with increased proportion of concentrate in the diet. The
TDN values were similar among the experimental rations. No significant difference
was observed in carcass characteristics and meat quality of experimental animals.
In another growth trial, a complete ration with 50:50 SSB to concentrate was
processed into mash (SSBM), expander extruded pellets (SSBP) and chopped SSB
mixed with concentrate (SSBC) and evaluated in twenty four Nellore x Deccani cross
ram lambs in comparison to sorghum stover based complete ration (50 SS: 50C) in
mash (SSM) fonn. The total weight gain, ADG, FCR of ram lambs fed SSBP was
sibaificantly (P<0.01) higher than SSM, SSBC, SSBM diets, but the values were
comparable among the SSBM, SSM and SSBC diets. The SSBP diet was more
(PcO.01) economical to gain one kg of body weight than the SSBC and SSM diet and
it was comparable in ram lambs fed SSBM and SSM diets. The SSBP had
significantly higher (P<0.01) DM, OM, CP, CF (Pc0.05) digestibility than the other
three diets SSM, SSSBC and SSBM, but these were comparable between SSBM and
SSM diets. The cellulose digestibility was significantly higher in lambs fed SSBP diet
than SSM and SSBC diets. Significantly (P<0.01) higher ME was taken by the lambs
fed SSBP than the other three diets. There was significantly higher N (P<0.05), Ca
(P<0.01) and P (Pc0.05) balance in lambs fed SSBP diet compared to those fed the
other three rations. SSBP was significantly (P<0.01) higher in DCP, TDN, DE and
ME values compared to SSM, SSBC and SSBM rations. The DCP, DE and ME
values were comparable between SSBM and SSM diets, but TDN was higher
(Pc0.01) in SSBM diet. The average DCP and TDN intake (g/d and g/ kg wO.") of
lambs fed SSBP diet was significantly (P<0.01) higher than those fed the other three
rations, whereas these were comparable between SSBM and SSM diet. The pre
slaughter weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SSBP ration compared to other
three rations. Processing could not influence the other carcass characteristics and meat
quality.
The SSB can be included at 50-60 per cent level in the complete rations of
growing ram lambs for economic meat production and it could be better utilized, if
processed into expander extruder pellets.
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