EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND POTASSIUM SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA (KSB) ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2019-07
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jau.junagadh
Abstract
A field experiment entitled Effect of potassium and potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Var. GW 366 was conducted on clayey soils of Junagadh having status of low available nitrogen and medium available phosphorus and potassium during rabi season of 2017-18 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The experiment comprised of 16 treatments having four levels of potassium (K) (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) and four levels of potassium soluiblizing bacteria (KSB) (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 lit ha-1) carried out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated at thrice.
The experimental results revealed that application of 60 kg K2O ha-1 (K3) as soil application promoted growth parameters viz., plant height 34.77 cm, 74.67 cm, 89.14 cm and 90.87 cm at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest respectively, dry matter per plant at 3.29 g plant-1, 9.96 g plant-1, 19.51 g plant-1 and 29.31 g plant-1 at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest respectively, crop growth rates (CGR) with 60 kg K2O ha-1 0.332 g plant-1 , 0.983 g plant-1 day-1 at 60 DAS-90 DAS and 90 DAS- harvest respectively except 30 DAS-60 DAS. Number of effective tillers per meter row (75.99) and total tillers per meter row (88.83), spikeletes per spike (16.06) and spike length (8.62 cm) also significant influenced by 60 kg K2O ha-1 ; yield and yield attributes viz., higher grain yield (4561 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6717 kg ha-1) over the 0 kg K2O ha-1, also enhanced quality parameters viz., test weight (61.03 g) and protein yield (547 kg ha-1) with K3 treatment while protein content was not affected by potassium application.
Chemical parameters viz. (i) plant analysis included nitrogen, phosphorus content in grain and straw at harvest stage were found non significant with application of potassium while potassium content in straw at 30 DAS (3.04 %), 60 DAS (2.42 %), 90 DAS (1.89 %) and at harvest content in grain (0.524%) and straw (1.35 %) significantly affected by 60 kg K2O ha-1. Uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by grain and straw was found significant with 60 kg K2O ha-1as well as uptake of potassium by straw at 30 DAS (99.66 mg plant-1), 60 DAS (240.48 mg plant-1), 90 DAS (368.75 mg plant-1) and at harvest by grain (24.15 kg ha-1) and straw (90.92 kg ha-1), (ii) soil analysis available nitrogen and phosphorus at initial and harvest stage,
while available potassium at 30DAS (326 kg ha-1), 60 DAS (319 kg ha-1), 90 DAS (304 kg ha-1) and at harvest (274 kg ha-1) and biological parameters of soil viz., KSB periodical count (1 × 106 cfu g-1 soil) at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest remain unaffected by the application of potassium.
The experimental results showed that application of KSB 1 lit ha-1 (KSB2) as soil application promoted growth parameters viz., plant height 33.78 cm, 74.78 cm, 87.51 cm and 88.81 cm at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest respectively, dry matter per plant at 2.83 g plant-1 9.38 g plant-1, 17.78 g plant-1, 27.03 g plant-1, crop growth rates (CGR) by KSB 1 lit ha-1 (KSB2) 60 DAS-90 DAS (0.313 g plant-1 day-1) and 90 DAS-harvest (0.901 g plant-1 day-1) except 30 DAS-60 DAS. Number of effective tillers per meter row (75.99) and total tillers per meter row (88.83), spikeletes per spike (14.87) and spike length (8.17 cm) significant influenced by KSB 1 lit ha-1 (KSB2); yield and yield attributes viz., higher grain yield (4475 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5881 kg ha-1) over the KSB 0 lit ha-1 (KSB0), also enhanced quality parameters viz., test weight (57.99 g) and protein yield (548 kg ha-1) with application of KSB2 while protein content was not affected by KSB application.
Chemical parameters viz. (i) plant analysis included nitrogen, phosphorus content in grain and straw at harvest stage were found non significant with application of KSB 1 lit ha-1 (KSB2), while in case of potassium also found non significant results were obtained for initial 30 DAS but later showed significant effect on potassium content in content in grain (0.501%) and straw at 60 DAS (2.37%), 90 DAS (1.87%) and at harvest (1.32%). Highest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by grain and straw of wheat was observed significantly under treatment KSB2 i.e. KSB 1 lit ha-1, (ii) soil analysis included available major nutrients were altered by different potassium solubilizing bacteria treatment but not noticed significant variation in respect of available nitrogen and phosphorus after harvest while on available potassium at 30 DAS was also recorded non significant but at 60 DAS (310 kg ha-1), 90 DAS (287 kg ha-1) and at harvest (269 kg ha-1) results were found significant with respect to KSB 1 lit ha-1 (KSB2) treatment. and biological parameters of soil viz., KSB periodical count (1 × 106 cfu g-1 soil) the treatment KSB3 (KSB @ 1.5 lit ha-1) turned out be the superior by highest periodical KSB count (1 × 106 cfu g-1 soil) at 30 DAS (5.44), 60 DAS (6.48), 90 DAS (9.37) and at harvest (10.16).
It could be concluded that soil application of potassium at 60 kg K2O ha-1 and KSB 1 lit ha-1 enhanced grain yield and quality of wheat and maintaining soil fertility with saving of fertilizer dose of potash.