STUDIES ON PREVALENCE AND EFFICACY OF HERBAL ANTHELMINTICS ON GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN GOATS
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Date
2019
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes utilize a major part of nutrients in animals leading to economic losess. To overcome the adverse effects of these parasites, anthelmintics are continuously being used. Indiscriminate use of these anthelmintics has led to the problem of anthelmintic resistance. Medicinal plants are potent source of many pharmacological activities. Of these ‘plants’ having anthelmintic action, some have attained greatest interest due to the capacity of plant and its compounds to treat a disease that causes major economic loss and reduce livestock production. Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) adversely affect livestock and cause economic losses. To overcome the adverse effects of these parasites, anthelmintics are continuously being used. Indiscriminate use of these anthelmintics has led to the problem of anthelmintic resistance. Some medicinal plants with anthelmintic action attained greatest interest due to the capacity of plant and its compounds to treat these parasites that cause major economic loss and reduce livestock production. The present study was designed to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, to detect benzimidazole resistance and to compare the efficacy of crude powder of seeds of three herbs i.e. Caesalpinia bonducella, Butea monosperma and Moringa oleifera against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Faecal samples of 1003 goats were collected and examined by standard floatation and sedimentation methods for the presence of eggs of different parasites. Status of anthelmintic resistance was also detected with standard egg hatch assay test (EHAT). On the basis of prevalence study, 50 goats having egg per gram (EPG) loads of 600 and above were divided into 5 groups of 10 goats each. Group G1 was kept as untreated control. Group G2, was given fenbendazole @ 7.5mg/kg BW orally. Group G3, G4 and G5 were given powder of seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella, Butea monosperma and Moringa oleifera respectively @ 3g / kg BW orally once and comparative therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.
The overall prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 92.52%. Maximum prevalence was of strongyles (92.22%), followed by that of coccidia (27.22%), Trichuris spp. (13.06%) and Moniezia spp. (7.78%). The prevalence was higher in the kids (96.39%) as compared to that of adults (91.59%). The prevalence of GI parasites was higher in males (93.97%) as compared to that of females (91.69%). However, seasonal prevalence was recorded highest in monsoon season (95.65%) followed by post monsoon season (95.41%), winter season (91.47%) and summer (79.73%). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) was 92.32%. Age wise prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was higher in kids (95.88%) while in adults, it was 91.47%. Sex wise prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was higher in males (93.70%) as compared to that of females (91.54%). Season wise prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was highest in post monsoon season (95.41%) followed by that of monsoon (95.29%), winter (91.25%) and summer season (79.73%). In the present study, egg hatch assay test revealed ED50 value as 0.062 which indicated that the nematode population is susceptible to benzimidazole.
In group G1 i.e. untreated control, mean EPG was slightly reduced at 5th day while increased at 10th day. In group G2 (given fenbendazole) per cent reduction in EPG at 5th and 10th day post treatment was 97.54% and 97.16% respectively. In group G3 (Caesalpinia bonducella ) per cent reduction in EPG at 5th day post treatment and 10th day post treatment were 69.76 and 74.52% respectively . In group G4 (Butea monosperma) per cent reduction in EPG was 56.44 and 74.26% at 5th day and 10th day post treatment respectively. In group G5 (Moringa oleifera) per cent reduction in EPG was 52.59 and 75.57% at 5th day and 10th day post treatment respectively. Fenbendazole was found to be the most effective, but among all these three plants, powder of seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella was having maximum anthelmintic efficacy.
Haematobiochemical parameters like Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine in these groups before treatment, 5th and 10th day post treatment were within the normal range for goats. In group G2 (fenbendazole treated) group Hb, PCV, TEC increased significantly (p≤0.05) after treatment. In group G3 (treated with Caesalpinia bonducella) TLC decreased significantly (p≤0.05) at 10th day post treatment as compared to pretreatment values. In group G3 and G5 mean albumin values significantly (p≤0.05) increased post treatment. In group G5 (treated with Moringa oleifera) TEC values increased significantly (p≤0.05) at 10th day post treatment. ALT and AST values in all groups were within normal range for goats after treatment.
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