IMPACT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2017
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Impact of high temperature tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was conducted at Research cum Instructional Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), during Summer 2014-15 and Summer 2016 to screen the rice genotypes for heat tolerance, agro morphological characterization, genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic variances, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and genetic divergence.
Observations were recorded for 26 characters (qualitative, quantitative and grain quality) viz. days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, panicle harvest index (%), flag leaf area (cm), membrane injury percentage, panicle length, plant height(cm) canopy temperature, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage, spikelet sterility percentage, 100 grain weight, yield per plant, hulling percentage, milling percentage, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel length breadth ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, cooked kernel length breadth ratio, grain chalkiness and protein content.
For screening of rice genotypes against high temperature at lab through TIR technique , the genotypes which showed good performance are R1966-49-1-20-1, R2112-88-6-1-340-1, R3022-486-1-129-1, R2032-908-2-364-1, R-GM-AS-42, R2164-1069-440-1, R2196-1150-1-472-1, Mahamaya, RRF-75, R1919-573-1-160-1. Spikelet fertility is a more powerful indicator for screening at the reproductive stage than other stages. Based on spikelet fertility percentage genotypes IURON 13-11, R1625-1204-1-754-1, R1661-605-84-1, R1896-268-1-80-1, R2032-486-1-129-1, R2077-768-1-233-1, R1762-780-1-242-1, R2044-549-1-647-1, Jaya, R1656-430-10-1965-1, R-GM-AS-41, Gopalbhog, R1138-668-3-533-1, PSBRC-68, R RF 75, R1919-573-1-160-1, R1656-3173-1-415-1, R2093-1536-1-660-174099-3R-5-1 were performed better under high temperature. The performance of rice genotype were evaluated through spikelet fertility percentage which range from 89.5% (R 1625-1204-1-754-1) to 91.5% (IRH 103) by comparing the date of flowering 23th April with maximum temperature 410C.
The analysis of variance indicated that the mean sum of squares due to replication were significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf area, SPAD value, 100 grain weight, yield/plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, spikelet sterility during both summer seasons. The mean sum of squares due to genotypes was highly significant for most of the characters studies.
The high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for unfilled grains and total number of grains per panicle under high temperature stress during both summer seasons. Highest heritability was recorded for yield per plant followed by 100 grain weight during summer 2015 and during summer 2016, days to 50% flowering followed by number of unfilled grains per panicle exhibit broad sense of heritability. The highest genetic advance was recorded for unfilled grain per panicle during summer 2015, whereas during summer 2016, highest genetic advance was recorded for total grains/panicle. Correlation studies revealed that yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with 100 grain weight and spikelet fertility % during both summer seasons.
The D2 analysis indicated all the 20 selected rice genotypes were grouped into five clusters. During 2015 for quantitative characters the highest number of genotypes was in cluster I (25 )and the lowest number of genotypes were in cluster IV (11) whereas during 2016 the highest number of genotypes were in cluster IV (6) and lowest in cluster I (2). The highest inter cluster distance during 2015 was recorded in between cluster III and II (4.926) and lowest inter cluster distance between cluster V and III (3.175) while during 2016 it was recorded between cluster 3 and 1(4.634) respectively. The maximum and minimum intra cluster distance was shown by cluster V (3.004) and cluster III (2.381) and by cluster V (3.004) and I (2.59). The genotype thus selected could be used as the donor for further improvement of yield and quality in the breeding programme.
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IMPACT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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