Evaluation of sweet corn hybrids under varied date of sowing in mid hill of Meghalaya / by Sidhartha Priyatam
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Date
2019
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College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at the College of Agriculture, Kyrdemkulai, (Central Agricultural University, Imphal), Ri-bhoi district, Meghalaya to evaluate the sweet corn hybrids comprising of various sowing window in mid hill of Meghalaya. The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three numbers of main- plot treatments, viz., sowing date on 2nd July (S1), 12th July (S2) and 22nd July (S3) four numbers of sub- plot treatments, viz., ASKH-1 (V1), ASKH-4 (V2), ASKH-6 (V3) and SWEET-77 (V4) and replicated thrice. In context to growth parameters, viz., plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation S1 and V3 registered the uppermost value followed by S2 and S3 among the main- plot treatments and V1, V4 and V2 among the sub-plot treatments. Interaction effect of sowing dates and hybrid on dry matter accumulation per plant (g) was found to be significant at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. The highest biomass was exhibited by S1V3 (13.13g) followed by S1V1 (11.03g) and S2V3 (9.07g) at 30 DAS. Similar trend of interaction continued up to 60 DAS. The mean number of days for 50% tasseling and silking was 60.25 and 65.75 days, respectively with (S1) and it was statistically at par with (S2). The highest number of days for attaining tasseling and silking was observed by (V3) and was at par with AKSH-1. There was no significant difference among the sowing dates in regard to crop growth rate except at 30-45 DAS. At 30-45 DAS (S1) witnessed for highest crop growth rate followed by (S2) and (V3) reported significantly more crop growth rate of 1.20, 4.24, 0.96 mg cm-2 day-1 at 30-45, 45-60 and 60-75 DAS, respectively. Interaction effect at 45-60 DAS stated that S1V3 recorded highest CGR (129.37 mg cm-2 day-1). RGR was significantly varied in both main plot and sub plot treatments only at 30-45 DAS and among the hybrids (V2) noted the highest relative growth rate and (V3) recorded the lowest relative growth rate. In regards to yield attributes the highest cob numbers per plant (1.20), cob length (16.29 cm) cob weight (113.53) and cob diameter (6.02) was recorded by S1. Similarly, V3 (1.29) registered higher cob number, cob length (15.94 cm) and cob weight (110.87) and was followed by V1, V4 and V2. Among the main-plot treatments (S2) (6.59 t ha-1) exhibited highest grain yield and stover yield (9.97 t ha-1) was significantly superior over remaining treatments. While, among the sub-plot treatments (V3) witnessed significantly highest cob yield with (6.20 t ha-1) followed by (V1) (5.60 t ha-1), (V4)) (4.89 tha-1) and (V2) (4.40 t ha-1). The interaction effect of sowing dates and hybrids revealed that treatment combination S1 V3 (7.26 t ha-1) gave the highest cob yield followed by S1V1 (6.73 t ha-1). Between the sowing dates S1 (11.50%) registered highest amount of TSS. Whereas, (V3) recorded both highest amount of TSS (10.88%) and protein (10.44%) which was found to be nearly equal with (V1) followed by (V4). Among the sub-plot treatments highest nitrogen, phosphorous, and potash concentration were listed by (V3) (1.67, 0.25 and 1.27%, respectively) which were significantly greater over V2 (1.63, 0.21, and 1.23%, respectively). Both main plot and sub-plot treatments reported significant difference with respect to uptake of N, P2O5 and K2O (kg ha-1) in sweet corn. Among the sowing dates and hybrids, highest nitrogen uptake was resulted by (S1) (40.43 kg ha-1) and (V3) (39.17 kg ha-1). Whereas, in case of P2O5 and K2O uptake by sweet corn grain followed similar trends in both main-plot and sub-plot treatments. Total cost of cultivation was lower in S3 as compared to S1 and S2. The highest cost of cultivation was in (V4). The highest gross return, net return and B: C ratio was reported by S1 and V3.