COMBINATION OF COATED SODIUM BUTYRATE AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
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Date
2021
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the synergistic efficiency of supplementation of coated sodium butyrate and Bacillus subtilis as a substitute for antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diet and to work out the cost effectiveness of broiler chicken production. A biological trial was carried out with 216 day–old cobb 400 broiler chicks distributed to six experimental groups with six replicates, each replicate containing six chicks. The experimental groups were fed with basal diet (T1), a basal diet with antibiotic (T2), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) alone (100 g/ton of diet) (T3), and coated sodium butyrate high at 0.18
(T4) or medium 0.09 (T5) and low 0.045 (T6) per cent levels combined with Bacillus subtilis (100 g/ton of diet). The coated sodium butyrate (CSB) was used as lipid encapsulated sodium butyrate. A commercial probiotic supplement of Bacillus subtilis with 1x 1012 cfu/g was used for this experiment. The trial was conducted in a deep litter pen and last for 35 days. The treatment groups of birds fed basal diet supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtilis 100g per ton of diet (T3) and combination of probiotic Bacillus subtilis with 0.18 (T4), 0.09 (T5) and 0.045 per cent (T6) of CSB respectively showed better performance in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and comparable performance in feed intake to that of birds supplemented with antibiotic in feed (oxytetracycline at 50 mg/kg). The basal diet group (T1) had a poor performance concerning body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency over other experimental groups. There was no significant difference is sex separated cumulative body weight gain of males and females at 35th day of the experiment, respectively. There was a positive influence of climate and weather on production performance of birds with efficient feed conversion ratio with lower feed intake and better body weight gain during the biological experiment. Probiotic Bacillus subtilis alone (T3) and with different combinations of CSB (T4, T5 and T6) with Bacillus subtilis supplemented groups did not influence the serum protein fraction, serum lipid profile and Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) titre against Ranikhet disease corresponding to the antibiotic group (T2). In slaughter parameters such as eviscerated weight, ready-to-cook weight, heart, liver, gizzard, giblet weight and abdominal fat as per cent of live body weight, length and pH of small intestine did not affect by the inclusion of Bacillus subtilis and combination of probiotic Bacillus subtilis with at 0.18 (T4), 0.09 (T5) and 0.045 (T6) per cent of CSB when compared to the antibiotic group. Similarly, meat pH, cooking loss, shear force value, water holding capacity of meat, sensory attributes (appearance,
flavour, texture, mouth-coating, juiciness) and overall acceptability were comparable with the antibiotic group. A significant (P<0.05) reduction observed in ileal total bacterial (7.80-8.37 vs. 8.84 log10 cfu/g), Escherichia coli (5.63-6.14 vs. 6.75 log10 cfu/g) and Clostridium perfringens (4.63 - 5.10 vs. 5.49 log10 cfu/g) count on the addition of CSB (0.18%) and Bacillus subtilis (100 g/ton of diet) followed by probiotic alone (T3), CSB (0.09%), CSB (0.045%) and antibiotic (T2) over the basal diet (T1). Nonetheless, the Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. count in ileal content were significantly (P<0.05) increased due to supplementation of different levels of CSB with Bacillus subtilis (T4, T5 and T6) as compared to antibiotic and basal diet groups. The addition of CSB and Bacillus subtilis had significantly (P<0.05) increased the jejunum villi height (1206.56 - 1328.03 vs. 1158.83 μm) over the antibiotic and control group. Whereas, no significant (P>0.05) difference in villi crypt depth and villi height: crypt depth ratio between treatments. The increase in the revenue of Rs. 4.31 and Rs. 1.61 per kg live weight gain in the group supplemented with CSB at 0.09 per cent and Bacillus subtilis 100 g/ton of diet (T5) as compared to basal diet and antibiotic group (T2), respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to include the CSB at 0.09 per cent and Bacillus Subtilis at 100 g/ton of feed as an alternate for antibiotics in the broiler diet.