Management of Boron nutrition in rice-groundnut cropping system under medium land Inceptisols of Jajpur District, Odisha
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Date
2023-10-10
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Department of Soil Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Abstract
Rice and groundnut are important cereal and oil seed crops of Odisha. Rice- groundnut sequence is one of the predominant cropping systems. These two crops contribute immensely to the agricultural income of the farmers, but the productivity of groundnut is gradually declining in the coastal belt of Odisha including Jajpur. It is due to injudicious, imbalanced, unintigrated use of fertilizer and non application of micro nutrients. Among micronutrients Boron is most limiting PSD (73%) element in the soils of Jajpur (AICRP micronutrient, OUAT, 2018). It helps in sugar translocation, cell wall formation, fertilization and many bio chemical function of the plant. No systematic study on application of B to rice- groundnut cropping system was carried out in the area. Therefore in order to find out the suitable method of B application, a field experiment was taken to know its effect on yield, uptake, crop quality and sustainability along with the B status of Jajpur district. The experiment was laid out in RBD with eight treatments being replicated thrice taking rice (CV Sahabhagi dhan) and groundnut (CV Debi) as the test crop. The eight treatments were :T1-control,T2- Soil test dose(STD) (NPK),T3-STD (NPK) + B @ 1 kg.ha- 1(Rice), Groundnut- STD (NPK) + Residual B.T4-STD (NPK)(Rice)(B 0), Groundnut STD+B @ 1kg/ha.T5- STD (NPK)+ B @ 0.5 kg/ha (to both crops).T6-STD(NPK) B @ 1kg/ha (to both crops), T7- STD(NPK) + B @ 0.5 kg/ha (twice to both crops). T8- STD (NPK)+ Foliar application of Borax @0.25% (twice to both crops). The Boron status of surface soils in Jajpur district varied from 0.02 to 1.77 mg kg/ha with mean value of 0.44 mg/kg.(73.3%), B deficiency in different blocks of Jajpur varied from 33.3 to 86.6% minimum in Dharmasala and maximum in Badachana block respectively. Rice crop showed higher growth rate (9.4 mm day-1 ) than groundnut crop of 9.1 mm day-1. Soil application of B in split doses maintained higher growth rate than foliar spray irrespective of crops. Conversion of tillers to effective ear bearing tiller was 3 per cent higher with the supplementation of deficient nutrient B in rice crop. B fertilization to rice crop reduced chaffiness from 35% in no B fertilization to 15% in B applied in split doses. B supplementation increased test weight of rice grain by 3.9 % over 22.4 g due to lone STD practice. Earliness of 5 to 7 days was induced in groundnut crop due to B supplementation particularly when it was applied in split dose to soil for each crop. It also showed 15.6 % higher number of nodules than no B application in groundnut crop. B application increased dry matter production up to 15.4% with 1.4 % higher HI compared to no B. Soil application of B @1kg/ha to 1st crop of the rice-groundnut cropping system significantly increased the dry matter production and further increased when applied in two active stages in split doses(@0.5 kg B/ha) . Economic Yield produced in different mode of B application in rice-groundnut cropping system, the 2nd crop was influenced by 22.5% against 16.0% for the 1st crop. Supplementation of B improved the economic yield by 19.5%over no B application. Application of B@1kg ha-1 to each crops increased the economic yield by 8.7 % compared to its half rate application (0.5 kg ha-1). Split application of B@ 0.5 kg/ha at two growth stages was 15% superior to its foliar application. Again soil application in split doses (@ 0.5 kg B ha-1) to each o crops was superior to its soil application as basal @ 1kg B ha-1 by 5.6%. Based on rice-equivalent yields (REY) of rice-groundnut cropping system considering the performance of STD as 100,other practices followed the order: Split application(288)>Full dose basal(250)>Full dose B to groundnut(199)>Half dose B basal to each crop(188)>Full dose B to rice(186)= Foliar spray of B(186)>STD (100). The recovery of added N increased by (42.2%) when B was applied to 1st crop with full dose (53.5%), again it increased further by 60.8% when applied in split. B nutrition to rice-groundnut system influenced P uptake by 36.4% over no application. Its recovery was influenced more by when it was applied at full rate (47.4%) than half rate (35%),Further when applied in split to soil at active stages increase was(51.0%) and 33.1% by foliar spray .B nutrition increased K uptake in the cropping system by 48.4% compared to no B . Dose of B supplementation played significant role in uptake and recovery of K by 49.9% with 1kg B/ha and 32.9% with 0.5 kg B/ha to each crops. Split application of B helped recovery by 54.4 % of applied K against 34.7% with foliar spray method. Out of two crops studied, rice crop utilized more B than groundnut, with its recovery of 18.3 and 14.2 % respectively. However, its utilization pattern was reverse for the major nutrients. Foliar spray helped more recovery of B (34.9%) than its soil application in split doses (13.1%). Protein content of the crops, and oil, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar content of groundnut crop were improved due to B supplementation further increased by higher rate of application and particularly by splitting the dose. The groundnut crop was remunerative than rice crop in rice-groundnut cropping system. Rupee earned per rupee invested was higher (2.3:1) with higher dose of B application, again increased when it was in split at two active growth stages (2.4:1) of the crops. In post harvest soil, pH was more acidic, available N,P and K in soil depleted, available B build up ,where supplemented otherwise depleted. In rice-groundnut cropping system split application of B@0.5 kg/ha to both crops at active growth stages improved the yield, uptake, crop quality and economic benefit was found superior over no or sub optimal dose of B application in a deficient medium land inceptisols of Jajpur district.