EFFECT OF DATES OF PLANTING AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND PIGMENTATION PATTERN IN CHINA ASTER [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITION OF BUNDELKHAND REGION
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Date
2023-08-01
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DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)
Abstract
China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] is a half-hardy annual and commercial
flower crop belonging to the family Asteraceae. Due to the broad usage of this plant in
bouquets, boutonnieres and garlands. Its cultivation is becoming more and more popular in
urban areas. It can be used as bedding plants, pot plants and herbaceous borders in
ornamental gardening.
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-23 to study the ‘Effect
of dates of planting and varieties on growth, flower yield and pigmentation pattern in
China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] under semi-arid condition of Bundelkhand
region’ at the Instructional Farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape
Architecture, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology,
Banda, Uttar Pradesh. The first experiment was executed with an objective to study the
performance of China aster varieties under different planting dates for growth, flowering
and yield. It was laid out in factorial randomized block design with twenty-four treatments
replicated thrice. The treatment consist six varieties planted at four different dates. The
varieties of China aster viz.; V1 – Arka Aadya, V2 – Arka Poornima, V3 – Arka Archana,
V4 – Arka Shashank, V5 – P.G. Purple and V6 – P.G. Violet were planted at four different
dates i.e. D1 – 2
nd week of November, D2 – 3
rd week of November, D3 – 4
th week of
November and D4 – 1
st week of December, respectively. The second experiment was
executed with an objective to study the pigmentation pattern of China aster varieties in
response to different dates of planting. It was laid out in factorial completely randomized
design with twenty-four treatments replicated thrice.
The study revealed that the significant differences among the China aster varieties
planted at different dates. Among the different varieties Arka Aadya recorded maximum
number of primary branches (15.50) per plant, secondary branches (48.02) per plant,
number of leaves at 90 DAP (106.18) per plant, number of leaves at full blooming (135.92)
per plant, plant spread in east-west (38.73 cm), plant spread in north-south (34.21 cm), dry
plant weight (20.67 g), number of flowers (64.00) per plant, flower yield per plot (6.35 kg),
flower yield per hectare (29.06 t) and vase life (7.75 days). Whereas, Phule Ganesh Violet
recorded maximum plant height at 90 DAP (61.75 cm), plant height at full blooming
(76.29 cm), flower diameter (7.48 cm), individual flower weight (7.54 g) and duration of
flowering (35.25 days).
Among the different dates of planting, all the varieties of China aster planted during
2
nd week of November recorded maximum primary branches (12.87) per plant, secondary
branches (39.03) per plant, number of leaves at 45 DAP (18.78), number of leaves per
plant at full blooming stage (100.63), plant spread in east-west (33.87 cm), leaf area (27.61
cm2
), stem girth (2.61 cm), flower diameter (6.07 cm) and duration of flowering (35.50
days). Whereas, the varieties planted at 3rd week of November recorded maximum plant
height at 90 DAP (46.70 cm), plant height at full blooming stage (58.10 cm), plant spread
in north-south (31.32 cm), dry weight of plant (16.21 g), number of flowers (48.33) per
plant, length of flower stalk (28.58 cm), flower yield per plot (5.77 kg), flower yield per
hectare (26.45), seed yield per plant (6.38 g) and 1000 seed weight (1.54 g).
Among the interaction effects of treatment combinations i.e. Varieties and dates of
planting, maximum primary branches (16.66) per plant, secondary branches (50.33) per
plant, number of leaves at 90 DAP (116.88) per plant, number of leaves at full blooming
(149.13), number of flowers (74.33) per plant, flower yield per plot (7.50 kg), flower yield
per hectare (34.43 t) and vase life 9.33 days) was recorded with Arka Aadya planted at 2
nd
week of November. Whereas, Arka Aadya planted during 3
rd week of November recorded
maximum plant spread in east-west (41.20 cm), plant spread in north-south (38.67 cm) and
dry weight of plant (22.48 g). However, Phule Ganesh Purple planted during 2
nd week of
November recorded maximum number of leaves at 45 DAP (22.15) and leaf area (34.61
cm2
).
The studies of the pigmentation pattern of China aster varieties in response to
planting dates had a significant influence on anthocyanin content. Among different
varieties, var. Arka Aadya exhibited maximum anthocyanin content (43.01 mg/g).
Whereas, minimum anthocyanin content (10.09 mg/g) was found in var. Arka Poornima.
The dates of planting also influenced anthocyanin content in China aster. Maximum
anthocyanin content (28.77 mg/g) was observed in D1 (2nd week of November) and
minimum anthocyanin content (15.33 mg/g) was observed in D4 (1st week of December)
planting. The interaction of varieties and dates of planting had significant effect on
anthocyanin content. Maximum anthocyanin content (57.92 mg/g) was recorded with
treatment combination var. Arka Aadya planted during 3rd week of November.
On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it may be concluded that China
aster varieties Arka Aadya and Phule Ganesh Violet were found to be the best varieties for
semi-arid region of Bundelkhand while planting in 3
rd week of November is recommended
for maximum flower yield, getting higher flower quality and seed yield.
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PIYUSH SINGH {2023} EFFECT OF DATES OF PLANTING AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND PIGMENTATION PATTERN IN CHINA ASTER [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees] UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITION OF BUNDELKHAND REGION, M.Sc. (Ag.), DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)