INFLUENCE OF SEED PROCESSING METHODS ON SEED LONGEVITY IN SOYBEAN
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Date
2023-03-10
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PROFFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Abstract
The investigation entitled “Influence of seed processing methods on seed longevity in
soybean” was carried out to assess the influence of various processing equipment in
isolation and combination on the physical and physiological quality of soybean and to
identify a suitable and economic packing material for safe storage of soybean seed.
The two varieties grown during kharif 2021 at Agricultural Research Station,
Adilabad were harvested manually at harvest maturity, dried and cleaned using five post harvest methods viz. P1 threshed by beating with wooden sticks and hand cleaned, P2-
threshed with a multi-crop thresher and hand cleaned, P3- threshed with a multi-crop
thresher and cleaned in fine cleaner in Fowler Westrup make 4 TPH machine, P4 threshed
with a multi-crop thresher, cleaned in Fine cleaner in Fowler Westrup make 4 TPH
machine and graded in Spiral Separator through conveyance by rubberized elevators and
P5-threshed with a multi-crop thresher, cleaned in Fine cleaner in Fowler Westrup make
4 TPH machine and graded in Spiral Separator through conveyance by normal elevators
using sieve of 3.75mm and 4.00 mm. The analysis of variance revealed a significant
variation among the post-harvest treatments in both the varieties for mechanical damage
(%), seed recovery (%) and physical purity (%). Basara recorded lower mechanical
damage when compared to JS 335 indicating better resistance to mechanical post-harvest
operations. The seed threshed and cleaned manually recorded lowest mechanical damage
and highest seed recovery in both the varieties, while seed threshed with a multi-crop
thresher, cleaned in Fine cleaner and graded in Spiral Separator showed highest physical
purity.
The seed processed as per the treatments were stored in Gunny bags and BOPP
Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene) bags under ambient storage conditions at the
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre,
Rajendranagar.
The seed quality parameters viz seed moisture (%), germination (%), seedling dry
weight (mg), seedling vigour index and field emergence (%) decreased gradually across
storage in both the varieties, while electrical conductivity (µS cm-1
g
-1
), amino acids and
total soluble sugars in seed leachates (µg/ml) increased under storage. Treatment T1
(Manual threshing and cleaning) recorded the highest germination, seedling vigour index,
field emergence and lowest total soluble sugars in seed leachates in both varieties across
all the months of storage. The sieve size of 4 mm recorded the highest germination
percentage and seedling vigour index in both varieties. The electrical conductivity and
amino acids in seed leachates were found to be non-significant in both the varieties for
sieve sizes, while lowest amount of total soluble sugars in seed leachates was observed
in 3.75 mm sieve in Basara and 4.00 mm sieve in JS 335. The germination percentage,
seedling vigour index and field emergence was more in seed stored in gunny bags when
compared to BOPP bags, while electrical conductivity and amino acids in seed leachates
showed a non-significant variation in both the varieties and total soluble sugars in seed
leachates were low in seed stored in BOPP bags in both the varieties.
In interaction of post-harvest treatments, sieve sizes and packing materials, seed
threshed with a multi-crop thresher, cleaned in fine cleaner using 4.00 mm sieve and
stored in gunny bags after 5 months of storage recorded highest germination percentage
in both the varieties. After 5 months of storage SVI II showed a non-significant
interaction, while in JS 335 superior performance was recorded in seed threshed and
cleaned manually with 3.75 mm sieve and stored in gunny bags. The seed threshed and
cleaned manually using 4.00 mm sieve and stored in gunny bags recorded highest field
emergence (%) in JS 335 and that stored in BOPP bags in Basara.
The total soluble sugars in seed leachates after 5 months of storage was lowest in
seed threshed and cleaned manually using 4.00 mm sieve and stored in gunny bags in
Basara and in seed threshed and cleaned manually using 3.75 mm sieve and stored in
gunny bags in JS 335. Among the two varieties, Basara recorded superior seed quality
parameters after 5 months of storage.
Based on these results it can be concluded that manual threshing and cleaning, a
sieve size of 4.00 mm and storage in gunny bags were superior in terms of seed quality.
In three-way interaction the seed threshed with a multi-crop thresher, cleaned in fine
cleaner using 4.00 mm sieve and stored in gunny bags recorded superior performance for
seed quality parameters in both the varieties. Hence can be utilized for processing of
soybean with optimal seed quality and minimal mechanical damage as an alternate to
manual method which are economically not viable