Study on insect pest fauna of paddy ecosystem collected in light trap in jabalpur region
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Date
2014
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JNKVV
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop in the world provides a staple food for nearly half of the global population. Over 100 insect pest species attack paddy crop at various stages of its growth of which 20 species cause the economic damage (Pathak & Dhaliwal, 1981). In India average losses in paddy production due to insect pests are 25% during 2007-08 (Dhaliwal and Arora, 2010) and in Madhya Pradesh about 40-100 % losses were observed (Dhamdhere, 1990).
Light trap plays an important role in monitoring and management of insect pests population in Agro-ecosystem (Kant and Kanaujia, 2007). The forecasting and predication of insect occurrence or outbreak can be made by using light trap (Singh et al., 2007). Light trap is an important tool for minimizing the insect pests damage without any toxic hazards (Sharma et al.,
2004). Therefore the present research work on “Study on insect pest fauna of Paddy ecosystem collected in light trap in Jabalpur region” was under taken with following objectives.
1. Taxonomic documentation of total insect pest fauna of paddy ecosystem collected in light trap in Jabalpur region.
2. Study on seasonal activity of major insect pest species of paddy collected in light trap in relation to weather parameters.
3. Study on seasonal activity of major predatory and parasitic insects collected in light trap in relation to weather parameters.
For the taxonomic documentation, the light trap was operated every night but collection of three alternate da ys per week was observed. Total insect pest fauna was observed and sorted out on the basis of 3 major categories of economic importance:- I) Harmful insects- as crop pests. II) Beneficial insects- as bio-control agents (Predators and parasites). III) Beneficial insects- as commercially important.
Seasonal activity study of major insect pest species was done by operating the light trap in kharif season of 2013. A major pest of paddy and predator & parasite was observed on daily basis. In order to study the seasonal activity, daily trap catch was converted into weekly total and mean per day per week (weekly mean/day).
1. Taxonomic documentation of total insect pest fauna of paddy ecosystem collected in light trap in Jabalpur region.
Taxonomic analysis revealed that 69 species belonging to 11 orders and 37 families were recorded throughout the season (kharif 2013). Based on number of species collected, largest collection was represented by order Lepidoptera (20 species) followed by orders Hemiptera (15 species), Coleoptera (15 species), Orthoptera (6 species) & Hymenoptera (5 species) in descending order respectively. Orders of minor significance are represented by Odonata and Neuroptera having 2 species each while Isoptera, Diptera, Dermaptera & Dictyoptera were represented by one species only.
These species were grouped on the basis of their economic role in three categories namely (i) Harmful insects- as crop pests (38 species). (ii) Beneficial insects- as bio-control agents (Predators and parasites) (29 species). (iii) Beneficial insects- as commercially important (2 species).
2. Study on seasonal activity of major insect pests species of paddy collected in light trap in relation to weather parameters.
The activity period of Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg) and Nephotettix virescens (Distant) were observed from August to December with distinct peaks during 39th & 42nd SW and 37th, 39th & 42nd SW respectively. Maximum temperature exhibited significant positive effect on both insect catches.
The activity period of Mythimna separata (Walker) was observed from September to November with two distinct peaks during 39th and 44rth SW. Maximum temperature and evaporation showed significant positive effect on moth catches. The activity period of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guene) was active from September to October. All the weather parameters did not showe any significant effect on moth catches. The activity period of Melanitis leda ismene Cramer was observed from August to December with three distinct peaks during 38rth, 42nd and 44rth SW respectively. Maximum temperature exhibited significant positive effect on butterfly catches.
The activity period of Tetrix subulata Linnaeus was observed from June to November with one distinct peak during 39th SW. Sun shine showed significant positive effect on grass hopper catches, while wind velocity &
number of rainy days showed significant negative effect on hoppers catches. Euscyrtus concinnus (de Haan) was active from June to November three distinct peaks during 28rth, 33rd and 37th SW respectively. Minimum temperature, wind velocity, evening relative humidity, morning vapor pressure, evening vapor pressure, evaporation and number of rainy days showed significant positive effect on field cricket catches. However sun shine exhibited significant negative effect on field cricket catches. The activity period of Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister was observed from June to December with two distinct peaks during 37th and 42nd SW. Maximum temperature exhibited significant positive effect on mole cricket catches.
3. Study on seasonal activity of major predatory and parasitic insects collected in light trap in relation to weather parameters.
The activity period of predatory tiger beetle, Prothyma sp. was observed from July to October with three distinct peaks during 28rth, 37th and
41st SW respectively. Maximum temperature showed a significant positive
effect on tiger beetle catches. Coenagrion sp. was active from June to October with two distinct peaks during 37th and 39th SW. Morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive effect on adult damselfly catches. Sirthenea carinata (Fabricius) was active from August to November with two distinct peaks during 36th and 39th SW. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, rainfall, morning vapor pressure, evening vapor pressure and evaporation showed significant positive effect on S. carinata catches.
The activity period of Myrmicaria brunnea Saunders was observed from July to August and Enicospilus purgatus (Say) was active from June to November with distinct peak in 30th SW and 27th & 42nd SW respectively. All the weather parameters did not showe any significant effect on catches of both wasps.
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Keywords
yields, rice, relative humidity, seasons, environmental degradation, precipitation, biological interaction, bugs, winds, wind velocity, yields, rice, relative humidity, seasons, environmental degradation, precipitation, biological interaction, bugs, winds, wind velocity