Etiology and management of root rot complex of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2018
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
Isolations made from root rot complex samples of groundnut collected from groundnut
growing areas of Punjab revealed that the five fungal genera namely Aspergillus niger, A.
flavus, Mcarophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were found
associated with the root rot complex disease. Among the species associated with root rot
complex, the incidence of A. niger was highest. The maximum incidence of root rot complex
was found in Hoshiarpur district (21.52 %), followed by Sangrur (21.35 %). Among the five
cultivars found on the farmer’s field, only SG-99 showed moderately resistance reaction to
the disease while other four cultivars namely M-522, Malika, TAG-24 and TG 37A showed
moderately susceptible reaction. Among the 29 isolates of A. niger, 18 isolates were with light
yellow, 6 isolates white and 5 isolates with pale yellow colour of mycelium. Effect of sowing
date on the disease development was studied at three locations namely PAU, Ludhiana, RRS
Ballowal Saunkhri and KVK, Kheri. Among the total seven sowing dates, 15th March was
most suitable for SG-99 and 30th March for M-522. The early sowing of virginia type
groundnut (M-522) was more sensitive to the temperature compared to spanish type (SG-99).
Among the fungicides tested using poisoned food tehcnique, tebuconazole gave maximum
inhibition of mycelial growth of A. niger followed by azoxystrobin and Sprint (carbendaim +
mancozeb). In paper towel method, the seed treatment with Sprint (carbendazim 25 +
mancozeb 50) gave maximum seed germination and seedling vigour followed by Vitavax
power (carboxin 37.5 + thiram 37.5). Total six fungicides were evaluated for their
effectiveness against root rot complex disease under field conditions with 13 treatments.
Among them, seed treatment with tebuconazole plus two sprays of tebuconazole found to be
highly effective in controlling the disease followed by seed treatment with azoxystrobin plus
two sprays of azoxystrobin and seed treatment with Vitavax power plus two sprays of
tebuconazole. The seed treatment with tebuconazole plus two sprays of tebuconazole (0.15
%) gave maximum pod yield (3267 kg/ ha in SG-99 and 2811 kg/ ha in M-522) followed by
seed treatment with azoxystrobin plus two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1 %).
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