Irrigation optimization in yellow sarson (Brassica rapa l. var. yellow sarson) in relation to planting methods and mulching
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Date
2017-04
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 in C5 block of N. E. Bourlaug Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) to study the effect of irrigation levels, planting methods and mulching on yellow sarson variety Pant Pili Sarson-1. The experiment consisting of 16 treatments, having four levels of irrigation (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 IW/CPE ratios) in main plots, two planting methods (flat bed and raised bed) and two mulching (mulch and no mulch) in sub plots were studied in split plot design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam. The results revealed that irrigation levels significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes viz. plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, dry matter accumulation, root dry weight, root density, 50 per cent flowering and maturity, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight in both the years. The maximum values of these parameters were found at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio followed by 0.9 IW/CPE ratio. Significantly higher seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were found at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio as compared to 0.6 and 0.3 IW/CPE ratio. Nutrients content and uptake by crop was also found significantly higher at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio over 0.6 and 0.3 IW/CPE ratio. The quality characters viz. oil content, protein content, glucosinolate and fatty acids also found highest with 1.2 IW/CPE ratio followed by 0.9 IW/CPE ratio. The highest net return and B: C ratios were obtained with 1.2 IW/CPE ratio and lowest with 0.3 IW/CPE ratio. The highest water use efficiency was found at 1.2 IW/CPE in first year and at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio in second year. Planting methods significantly influenced the growth parameters and yield and yields attributes in both the years. Plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, root dry weight, root density, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight were found significantly higher in raised bed planting method as compared to flat bed planting method. Raised bed planting method registered 11.5 and 7.1 per cent more yield during first and second year, respectively. Nutrient content and uptake by crop, oil and protein content, water use efficiency were significantly higher under raised bed planting than flat bed planting. The net returns and B: C ratios were also higher with raised bed planting method. Application of rice straw mulch (@ 5t /ha) reported significantly higher plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, root dry weight, root density, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight over no mulch. Significantly higher seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were found under mulching as compared to no mulch. Quality parameters viz. oil and protein content were found significantly higher under mulching over no mulch. Nutrient content in plant and soil and water use efficiency were found higher under mulching. In a sandy loam soil, yellow sarson should be irrigated at IW: CPE ratio 0.90 in a good rainfall season (rainfall 81.1 mm, requiring 2 irrigations) and 1.2 IW/CPE ratio in a low rainfall season (rainfall 7.0 mm, requiring 4 irrigations). For higher crop and water productivity, raised bed sowing method (40/20 cm configuration with 2 rows) and application of rice straw mulch @ 5 t/ha are advocated in a sandy loam soil.
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