Assessment of genetic diversity, carbon sequestration potential and DNA- barcoding of different bamboo species in tarai and sub-Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand
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Date
2022-04
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Carbon Sequestration Potential and DNA- Barcoding of different Bamboo species in Tarai and Sub- Himalayan Regions of Uttarakhand” was undertaken at agroforestry Research Centre GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The research materials consisted of 12 species of bamboo for quantitative parameter studies and 15 species for molecular diversity analysis based on ISSR markers. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. The data recorded on 18 quantitative characters were statistically analyzed through appropriate statistical procedures for means, genetic parameters and character association. Genetic divergence was estimated based on quantitative parameters as well as ISSR markers. For developing DNA document of 15 bamboo species 13 universal DNA barcode markers were used. Carbon sequestration potential of major bamboo species of Uttarakhand’s tarai region was evaluated based on 30 biomass and soil parameters. Wide range of variation was observed for characters like leaf area, internodal length (middle), no. of nodes/culm, internodal length (top), internodal length (base) and culm fresh weight. The culm and culm sheath parameters varied immensely among the species and hence constitute important diagnostic feature for taxonomic characterization. High values of economic traits showed the commercial utility of these species for special requirement like thick culms (D. giganteus) and total culm length (B. nutans). For characters like culm height, leaf width, wall thickness and culm sheath breadth at the base had low difference between PCV and GCV indicating that environment had a slight effect on the expression of these characters. High estimate of heritability with high genetic advance were recorded for all the 18 characters studied which indicated that these characters are controlled by additive gene action and will respond effectively on phenotypic selection. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were in same direction. The genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations for most of the character combinations which ensures the effectiveness of selection for these
characters in order to maximize yield. D2-analysis showed maximum divergence between the species of cluster II and cluster III indicating these to be genetically different. Character leaf area followed by culm sheath length contributed maximum towards divergence. Clustering of fifteen species on the basis of ISSR markers created seven major clusters. Identified markers were highly informative and helpful in distinguishing the polymorphism rate at a specific locus in bamboo. DNA barcoding results revealed that primer combination rpoC1 2 and rpoC1 3, and primer combination rpoB1 and 3 yielded sharp, single, unambiguous and monomorphic band of 500 bp and 400 bp respectively in all the 15 species of bamboo. In the dendrogram generated from rpoC1 2 and rpoC1 3 primer pair, 15 number of species were divided into seven divisions with same genera and species clustered together shown their common ancestry. DNA document of species was developed for further identification of unknown bamboo species.
The Carbon sequestration analysis revealed that the highest culm biomass fraction among genotype was shared by B. balcoa followed by B. nutans and D. hemiltoni. While the highest C stock was accumulated by B. nutans followed by B. balcoa and D. hemiltoni. Similarly, highest value for CO2 equivalent (t/ha) was found for B. nutans followed by B. balcoa and D. hemiltoni. These findings indicated that B. nutans, B. balcoa and D. hemiltoni are the three major species which can sequester more carbon as compare to other species of tarai region of Uttarakhand.