Bionomics and Non Chemical Control Measure of Pulse Beetle, Callorobruchus Maculatus (F.) In Stored Indian Bean
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Date
2001-09
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Entomology Department, N. M. College of Agriculture Gujarat Agricultural University, Navsari
Abstract
Investigations on bionomics and non-chemical control
measures of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored
Indian bean were carried out in the laboratory of Department of
Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural
University, Navsari during 2000-2001.
The main hosts preferred for oviposition were Indian bean,
rajma (French bean), pigeonpea, pea, green gram and cowpea. Black
gram and kidney bean were less preferred for oviposition and
orientation of adults whereas gram and lentil were avoided by the pest
for oviposition as well as orientation of adults. Indian bean, cowpea,
green gram and pigeonpea were preferred for development.
During survey for infestation of C. maculatll$ minimum
seed infestation with egg(s) and larval hole(s) were recorded in the
month of May and March-2000 and it raised to the maximum during
February and January-2000, respectively.The larva was the only damaging stage. A single larva
made a large excavation in the cotyledons. Infested seeds became unfit
for human consumption. Cumulative percentage real weight losses
during first, second and third generation were 12.37, 51.92 and 57.03,
respectively. When there was upto 2 to 3 larvae developed, seed
gelluination was not adversely affected and could be used for sowing
purpose.
The freshly laid eggs were watery, semi-transparent,
elongated and flatten and became white after hatching. The average
incubation period was 6.2 ± 0.77,6.2 ± 0.41,6.13 +0.52 and 5.8 + 0.68
days on Indian bean, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram, respectively.
Larval period, pupal period and total developmental period varied from
15.33 ± 1.17 to 17.33 ± 0.90,6.4 ± 0.74 to 7.84 ± 1.68 and 24.93 ± 1.09 to
25.80 ± 1.25 days, respectively on different pulses viz., Indian bean,
cowpea, pigeonpea and green gram. The sex ratio of male to female
ranged from I : 0.66 to I : 0.87 in different hosts. Pre-oviposition and
post-oviposition period was more or less similar on all hosts whereas
oviposition period varied from 4.42 ± 0.04 to 5.28 + 0.49 days.
Average fecundity of female was 63.0 + 9.69, 66.0 ± 8.40, 58.0 + 4.42
and 65.4 ± 10.11 eggs on Indian bean, cowpea, pigeonpea and green
gram, respectively. Longevity of male and female ranged from 7.4 +
0.55 to 8.4 ± 1.52 and 6.8 ± 0.45 to 7.4 ± 1.44 days, respectively
whereas total life cycle of male and female varied from 32.33 ± 1.64 to
34.2 ± 2.78 days and 31.73 ± 1.54 to 33.2 ± 2.49 days on different
hosts. All the hosts tested were found suitable for growth and
development of C. maculatus.The pulse beetle, C. macula/us completed thirteen
overlapping generations in a year on Indian bean seeds.
Two different parasitoids, Uscana lariophaga Steffan,
attacking egg stages and Daniarmus basalis (Rondani) attacking larval
and pupal stage of C. macula/us were reported during the study period.
Maximum number of eggs (257.28) laid by a female paired
with three male whereas minimum number of eggs laid by a female
(45 .69 eggs) when paired with single male.
When seed had upto 6 eggs, larval mortality was zero.
Similarly upto 8 eggs per seed, egg and pupal mortality was zero per
cent while upto 7 eggs per seed, adult mortality was not observed. After
that mortality was increased with the increases of egg density per seed
and maximum mortality of various stages was recorded when seed had
14 eggs.
Thirteen varieties of Indian bean were tested for their
relative resistance and susceptibility to C. macula/us. The varieties
WE-17, NW-1l7, NW-120 and NW-Red-4 were moderately resistant,
varieties WE-7, WE-8, WE-14, NW-1l4, NW-1l6, NW-118 and NWRed-
3 were moderately susceptible and varieties WE-I and NW-Red-l
were susceptible.
Effect of various vegetable oils with different concentration
on adult mortality, oviposition, egg hatching and adult emergence
showed that as the concentration increased, adult mortality was
increased whereas oviposition, number of egg hatching and number of
adult emergence were decreased. Interaction of oils and its
concentration proved that karanj oil at 0.75 per cent concentration was
most effective for adult mortality, oviposition and egg hatchingwhereas in case of emergence of adults, castor oil 0.75 per cent was
most effective followed by neem oil and karanj oil both at 0.75 per cent
concentration.
When one, two and three days old eggs exposed to solar
heat for one, two and three days it was found that with the increased of
exposure period hatching percentage decreased for one day old eggs,
however in case of two and three days old eggs, two days exposure was
comparable with three days exposure. Adult emergence was also
adversely affected by solar heat as not a single adult emerged from any
treatment except control.
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CHETAN SUBHASHBHAI PATEL_33263