MANAGEMENT OF RED SPIDER MITE USING NATURAL PRODUCTS IN CUCUMBER UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
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Date
2017-07
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
Present investigations “Management of red spider mite using natural products in cucumber under protected environment” were undertaken to study acaricidal activity of natural products and to evaluate their field efficacy against, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae) under naturally ventilated polyhouse. Seven natural products namely; cow urine, darekastra, fermented butter milk, jeevamrit, panchgavya, tamarlassi, vermiwash and three biopesticide formulations namely; Eupatorium 5EC, Melia 5 EC and Neem Baan 0.15EC were evaluated for toxic, repellenct, feeding deterrent, oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity using leaf dip method of bioassay under laboratory conditions. Natural products resulted in LC50 of 1.09 to 15.15 per cent with the minimum and maximum corresponding to fermented butter milk and panchgavya, respectively, whereas it ranged from 0.00007 to 0.03 per cent for biopesticide formulations, maximum for Melia 5 EC and minimum for Neem Baan 0.15EC. The repellence varied from 40.00 to 96.67 per cent upto 8 hours after release at the evaluated concentrations in different products. Exposure of adult mites to leaf surface treated with natural products resulted in reduction in feeding based on the number of white feeding specks produced varying from 4.80 to 91.24 per cent, whereas the biopestide formulation Neem Baan 0.15EC exhibited 100 per cent feeding deterrence at 0.00045 per cent concentration. All the evaluated products deterred the oviposition by T. urticae varying from 8.28 to 54.42 per cent, except the panchgavya which acted as oviposition inducer. Ovicidal activity of the products varied from 5.61 to 54.48 per cent. At recommended dose of field use, the natural products darekastra (10%) and tamarlassi (10%) exhibited moderate level of acaricidal activity, whereas it was high for biopesticide formulation, the Neem Baan 0.15EC (0.00045%). Bioefficacy of selected natural products and biopesticide formulations evaluated under polyhouse conditions in summer and autumn crop revealed a low level of mite population when the natural products were used as preventive management measures prior to initiation of mite infestation. The population levels varied from 10.13 to 17.14 and 60.11 to 124.40 mites per leaf in summer crop and 0.45 to 2.07 and 31.89 to 84.33 mites per leaf in autumn crop for preventive and curative mite management measures, respectively. The order of efficacy on the basis of mean mite population in summer crop was darekastra (10%) > Neem Baan 0.15EC (0.00045%) > vermiwash (10%) > tamarlassi (10%) > Eupatorium 5EC (0.015%) > cow urine (5%) > fermented butter milk (10%) > panchgavya (10%). Whereas in autumn crop, the order of efficacy was darekastra > vermiwash = tamarlassi = Neem Baan 0.15EC > Eupatorium 5EC > cow urine > panchgavya = fermented butter milk. Cucumber fruit yield was significantly higher under preventive management measures and it varied from 1429 to 1962 and 1061 to 1586 g per plant and 1152 to 1456 and 1025 to 1348 g per plant under preventive and curative management measures, respectively, during summer and autumn cropping seasons. Economic analysis of the yield revealed the net returns in both the cropping seasons to be significantly higher when the natural products were used as preventive mite management measures. In summer crop, the net returns were maximum in darekastra followed by vermiwash, tamarlassi and Neem Baan 0.15EC, whereas in autumn crop, Neem Baan 0.15EC followed by darekastra, tamarlassi and Eupatorium 5EC resulted higher net returns. On the basis of incremental output-input ratio, darekastra and vermiwash resulted in significantly higher ratio in summer crop whereas in autumn crop the ratio was in favour of darekastra and Neem Baan 0.15EC.The incremental returns for panchgavya (in both the cropping seasons) and cow urine (autumn season crop) were negative. Based on the outcome of investigations undertaken, it was concluded that the natural products possessed varying level of acaricidal activity and were more efficacious as preventive management measures.
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