PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON UTERINE LESIONS IN SLAUGHTERED SHEEP
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Date
2019-03
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of uterine lesions
in slaughtered sheep, to describe the gross and histopathological changes in
different uterine lesions and to isolate various bacterial agents from the uterine
lesions in possible cases. A total of 198 uteri of non pregnant sheep aged above one year were collected from various slaughter houses and from animals necropsied in the Department of Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. On gross and microscopic examination, definitive lesions were noticed in 61 uteri with a prevalence of 30.8%. Based on the predominant pathological lesion noticed, the uterine lesions were grouped under haemorrhages (3.03%), inflammation (18.18%),
hydrometra (1.01%), endometrial hyperplasia (2.02%), adenomyosis (1.01%) and miscellaneous conditions (5.55%). Petechial or ecchymotic uterine haemorrhages were noticed grossly and on cut section while focal accumulation of erythrocytes and macrophages laden with
haemosiderin were seen within endometrial stroma microscopically.
Inflammatory conditions comprised of acute endometritis (3.03%), chronic
endometritis (13.13%) and pyometra (2.02%). In acute endometritis, the uteri were either soft and enlarged or hyperemic and showed few focal haemorrhages on endometrial surface. Turbid exudates were present in the lumen. Microscopically, exudate consisting predominantly of polymorphs in the lumen, necrosis of surface epithelium and diffuse neutrophil infiltration in stroma were noticed in the endometrium. The endometrial glands revealed polymorphs within lumen and periglandularly. In chronic endometritis, uterus was hard to touch and showed asymmetrical enlargement of horns or mild annular constrictions in some cases. The contents were turbid whitish to clear fluidy. Microscopically, diffuse mononuclear infiltration especially of plasma cells in the stroma and in the glandular lumen was characteristic. Hyperplasia of endometrium, lymphoid follicle formation beneath the epithelium, extensive periglandualr fibrosis and hyalinisation of blood vessels were the other salient features. In pyometra, uterine horns were enlarged and contained yellow to greenish, creamy contents. Microscopically, exudate with large number of polymorphs in the lumen and endometrial hyperplasia were noticed. The characteristic feature was infiltration of polymorphs along with mononuclear cells in all the layers of uterus. Endometrial glands were dilated and cystic.
In hydrometra, there was distension of uterine horns grossly and the lumen
contained clear fluid. Microscopically, edematous stroma with plasma cell
infiltration, cystic endometrial glands and edematous myometrium were observed. In endometrial hyperplasia, uterus was enlarged, firm and heavy grossly. Multiple cysts of 1-2 mm were embedded in endometrium that contained watery to viscous creamy fluid. Microscopically, cystic endometrial glands with periglandular fibrosis was found consistently. Proliferation of endometrial glands, infiltration of mononuclear cells in the stroma and hyalinisation of blood vessels were the other features noticed.
Uteri with adenomyosis showed thickened uterine wall grossly and presence
of endometrial glands between the muscle bundles in the myometrium
microscopically. Miscellaneous conditions comprised of pigmentation due to melanin deposition (5.05%) and a cyst on the uterus (0.5%). Melanin was seen mostly in the caruncles and in few cases, in the intercaruncular region. Microscopically, brownish to black melanin pigment was seen within the superficial layer of endometrium and the caruncles without any other accompanying histopathological lesion. A single case of small, fluid filled serosal inclusion cyst was noticed grossly on the left horn of uterus. Microscopically, a thin walled cyst that contained pink stained fluid was noticed in the outer surface of perimetrium. From various uterine lesions, 38 samples yielded 4 bacterial isolates that comprised of E.coli (55.3%), Staphylococcus sp. (28.9%), Klebsiella sp. (13.2%) and Proteus sp. (2.6%).
The present study revealed the prevalence and pathomorphological changes
of a spectrum of uterine lesions in ewes of which chronic endometritis was the
most common lesion recorded. E. coli was found to be the major bacterial pathogen isolated from sheep uterus in the area under study.
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