EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND GUIDED TISSUE CORE BIOPSY AND FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY IN DOGS
Loading...
Date
2014
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur
Abstract
Ultrasound is sensitive but often nonspecific for the diagnosis of soft tissue abnormalities. Some diseases generate no sonographic changes; while some diseases cause a variety of sonographic changes. Tissue core biopsy (TCB) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are often employed in conjunction with ultrasonography to obtain confirm diagnosis in patients with focal or diffuse lesions.
The present study was conducted for a period of six months from October, 2013 to March, 2014. Total 24 samples were collected, out of which 18 samples were collected by TCB using 16G automatic spring loaded tissue core biopsy gun using free hand technique and 6 were collected for FNAC by using 22G needle under ultrasound guidance. Before taking biopsy samples, all the animals underwent a thorough physical, clinical, haemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic examination. Clotting time was also determined in case of TCB to assess the clotting ability of blood.
All the cases were divided into five groups depending upon the underlying disease condition. Group 1 comprised of four animals suffering from liver affections. Hepatic cyst, hepatocellularcarcinoma and hepatitis were diagnosed in three animals based on histopathological findings of biopsy samples. In one case only liver capsule was approached. The mean depth of needle penetration was calculated as 39.32 ± 5.49 mm.
In group 2 five animals which were suspected to have renal disorders based on ultrasonographic findings, were included. Biopsy samples were collected from caudal pole of kidney in all cases. In all animals urine analysis showed presence of protein, epithelial cells and cast. Histopathologically two animals revealed tubulo-interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis. Rest of the three cases showed normal kidney tissue on histopathology. Mean depth of penetration was 26.84 ± 1.49 mm in his group. Group 3 comprised of five animals suspected to have splenic affections based on clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Splenic texture was found altered in all cases. Biopsy samples were collected at a mean depth of 17.26 ± 1.26 mm from left paracostal area. In two cases splenitis was detected on histopathology while aspiration of fluid from one case revealed degenerated macrophages and bacteria. Two samples were found unfit for histopathology due to crush artifacts.
In group 4 six animals suffering from fluid accumulations in peritoneal cavity were included which underwent ultrasound guided FNAC to collect the fluid sample for physical, cytological and biochemical analysis. Physical examination revealed clear to red fluid and turbidity. Erythrocytes and epithelial cells were detected cytologically but no tumorous cells were found. Total protein content of fluid fluctuated from 1.8 to 5.5g/dl based on which exudative nature of fluid was detected in two cases. Group 5 comprised of four animals which had swelling or growth at various body parts, increasing in size continuously. Based on histopathological findings of ultrasound guided TCB of inguinal and popliteal lymph node, the lymph node enlargement was detected as lymphoma, growth on right fore limb was diagnosed as fibroma, growth related to sternum was confirmed as myositis with muscle degeneration and FNAC confirmed the swelling in the region adjacent to inguinal mammary gland as haematoma.
In all the cases, animals were treated symptomatically using fluid therapy, antibiotics, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, hepatoprotectives, immunosuppressive drugs and surgically as per underlying disease condition. Ultrasound examination 5th and 10th day post treatment showed improvement in all the cases.
No complications were detected after TCB and FNAC except one case of haematuria. All samples, except two splenic samples, were fit for histopathological diagnosis. Three kidney samples and one sample of spleen were found normal on histopathological examination. Thus, the efficacy and diagnostic value of the technique were calculated as 91.66 and 79.16%, respectively. TEC and Hb counts, immediately and 24 hours after biopsy showed no marked variation. Ultrasound examination repeated at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after biopsy did not revealed any sign of haemorrhage, however biopsy tract can be visualized.
Based on the findings of present study it can be concluded that ultrasound guided tissue core biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe procedure and has minimal complications and thin tape of tissue obtained by TCB gun was found sufficient for histopathology.
Description
Keywords
null