CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) GENOTYPES THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, CHEMICAL TESTS AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS 3711
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Date
2023-07
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JAU JUNAGADH
Abstract
Mungbean, characterization, plant morphology, chemical test, seed quality
parameters.
An experiment was carried out at the Pulses Research Station, Junagadh
Agricultural University, Junagadh, to characterize fifty mungbean genotypes based on
morphological characters (plant, leaf, stem, flower, pod and seed), chemical tests and
seed quality parameters. Fifty mungbean genotypes were grouped into different
groups based on 24 plant morphological characters, 4 chemical tests and 4 seed
quality parameters.
Based on plant growth type, the mungbean genotypes were grouped as erect (3
genotypes), semi erect (46 genotypes) and spreading (1 genotype). Based on plant
growth habit, the mungbean genotypes were grouped as determinate (48 genotypes)
and indeterminate (2 genotypes). Based on plant height, the mungbean genotypes
were grouped as short (<50 cm) (29 genotypes) and medium (50-70 cm) (21
genotypes). Based on hypocotyl: anthocyanin coloration, the mungbean genotypes
were grouped as present (29 genotypes) and absent (21 genotypes).
In all the 50 genotypes, leaflet lobes was absent. Based on the leaf shape, the
mungbean genotypes were grouped as deltoid (2 genotypes) and ovate (48 genotypes).
Based on leaf colour, the mungbean genotypes were grouped as light green (24
genotypes), green (22 genotypes) and dark green (4 genotypes). Based on leaf vein
color, the mungbean genotypes were grouped as green (11genotypes), green with
purple splashes (10 genotypes) and purple (29 genotypes). Based on petiole color, the
mungbean genotypes were grouped as green (8 genotypes), green with purple splashes
(40 genotypes) and purple (2 genotypes). Based on leaf size, the mungbean genotypes
were grouped as small (7 genotypes), medium (37 genotypes) and large (6 genotypes).
Based on stem pubescence, the mungbean genotypes were grouped into absent
(3 genotypes) and present (47 genotypes). Based on, stem color the genotypes
grouped into green (8 genotypes) and green with purple splashes (42 genotypes).
Based on time of flowering, the mungbean genotypes were grouped as early (<
40 days) (5 genotypes), medium (40-50 days) (43 genotypes) and late (> 50 days) (2
genotypes). Based on flower color of petal, the mungbean genotypes were grouped
into yellow (34 genotypes) and light yellow (16 genotypes).
Pod pubescence was present in all fifty mungbean genotypes. Among 50
mungbean genotypes, pod color of premature pod was green (29 genotypes), while it
was green with pigmented structure (21 genotypes). Based on pod curvature, the
Name of the student:
Kamani Janvi Vrajlal
Major Guide:
Dr. L. K. Sharma
mungbean genotypes were grouped into two groups as straight (24 genotypes) and
curved (26 genotypes). Based on pod position, the mungbean genotypes were grouped
into two groups as above canopy (24 genotypes) and intermediate (26 genotypes).
Based on the pod color of mature pods, mungbean genotypes were grouped into two
groups as black (4 genotypes) and brown (46 genotypes). Among 50 genotypes,
mature pod length was short (25 genotypes), while it was medium (25 genotypes).
Seed color was green in all mungbean genotypes. Based on seed shape, drum
(22 genotypes) and oval shaped (28 genotypes). On the basis of seed size, the
mungbean genotypes categorized in medium seed size (3-5 gm) (24 genotypes) and
large seed size (> 5 gm) (26 genotypes). Based on seed coat luster, the mungbean
genotypes grouped as shiny (45 genotypes) and dull (5 genotypes).
Based on the seed coloration with phenol test, mungbean genotypes were
grouped into no change (18 genotypes), light brown (28 genotypes) and brown (4
genotypes). Based on the peroxidase test, mungbean genotypes were grouped into
three categories viz., light brown (8 genotypes), brown (3 genotypes) and dark brown
(39 genotypes) types. All 50 genotypes expressed reddish brown colour in potassium
hydroxide test (KOH). On the basis of NaOH test, mungbean genotypes were grouped
into brown (10 genotypes) and orange (26 genotypes) and straw (14 genotypes).
Based on seed quality parameters, significantly highest seed germination
percentage was observed in GJM 1104 (99.00 %) and the lowest was observed in
GJM 1822 (86.00 %). Seedling length ranged from 8.90 cm (GJM 1714) to 15.29 cm
(GJM 1010) with a mean of 13.02 cm. Seedling vigour index I ranged from 836.96
(GJM 1714) to 1505.35 (GJM 1010). All the genotypes evaluated were vigorous with
a mean of 1232.07. Seedling vigour index II ranged from 12.76 (GJM 1714) to 27.13
(GJM 1020) with a mean of 17.30.
From the above results, it can be concluded that plant GJM 1004 was distinct
genotype based on plant morphology, as it was spreading plant growth type,
determinate plant growth habit, short plant height and absent hypocotyl: anthocyanin
coloration and GJM 1012 was distinct genotype with erect plant growth type,
intermediate plant growth habit, medium plant height and present hypocotyl:
anthocyanin coloration. On the basis of leaf morphology, GJM 1020 and GJM 1022
were distinct genotypes with deltoid leaf shape, green leaf color, purple leaf vein
color, green with purple splashes petiole color and medium leaf size. Based on stem
character, GJM 1703 was distinct genotype with absent stem pubescence and green
stem color. Based on flower morphology, GJM 1028 was distinct genotype with late
flowering and light yellow flower color of petal and GJM 1009 and GJM 1703 were
distinct genotypes with early flowering and yellow flower color of petal. Based on
pod morphology, GJM 1822 was distinct genotype with green color of premature pod,
intermediate pod position, short pod length and black pod color. Based on seed
morphology, GJM 1714 distinct genotype with drum seed shape, medium seed size
and dull seed coat luster. Based on chemical tests, genotype GJM 1116 was distinct
with brown color in phenol test, brown color in peroxidase test and orange in NaOH
test.
The assessment of genetic purity is an important criterion in seed production
programme. Therefore, simple and reliable techniques need to be developed for
genetic purity assessment and genotype characterization. The study suggested that
plant, seed and seedling morphological characteristics and seed quality parameters
were found to be useful in broad classification of mungbean genotypes. Further, the
cultivar reaction to different chemicals like, phenol test, peroxidase test, KOH test and
NaOH test were also found useful in grouping of mungbean genotypes.