TILLAGE AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MANAGING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE – GREENGRAM SEQUENCE
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Date
2022-08-08
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guntur
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Tillage and nutrient management options for managing productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice-greengram sequence” was conducted for two consecutive years (2019-20 and 2020-21) on clay loam soils of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experimental site was uniform in topography and homogeneously fertile. The soil pH was slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium.
The kharif experiment on rice consisted of four tillage practices viz., Dry seeding on puddled soil (T1), Reduced tillage (T2), Minimum tillage (T3) and Conventional tillage (T4); as horizontal strip treatments. Five nutrient management treatments to rice viz.,100% STBN through fertilizer (N1), 75% STBN through fertilizer + 25% N through FYM (N2), 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through FYM (N3), 75% STBN through fertilizer + 25% N through cured poultry manure (N4) and 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through cured poultry manure(N5) as vertical strip treatments. All the treatments were randomly allocated in three replications in a strip plot design. During rabi, the experiment was continued in the undisturbed plot to find out the residual effect of the treatments imposed to rice were studied (strip plot design) on succeeding greengram. The cultivers used in the investigation were Samba Mashuri (rice) and LGG 460 (greengram) respectively.
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Conventional tillage (T4) recorded significantly higher growth parameters of rice viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2, drymatter production and CGR but were comparable with dry seeding on puddled soil (T1) treatment with similar trend in both the years of study. The lowest growth parameters were recorded with minimm tillage (T3). The influence of tillage practices exhibited non significant associated with respect to LAI, RGR, NAR and SPAD readings. Nutrient combination comprising 50% STBN through fertilizer and 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5) registered significantly the highest plant height, number of tillers m-2, drymatter production, leaf area index at harvest. SPAD, CGR, RGR and NAR were also recorded highest under N5 treatment and were comparable with 75% STBN through fertilizer with 25% N through cured poultry manure (N4) treatment regarding all growth parameters. The lowest growth parameters were registered with 100% STBN through fertilizer (N1) treatment.
Yield attributes viz; number of panicles m-2, total number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1 and grain yield panicle-1 were significantly higher under conventional tillage but was comparable with dry seeding on puddled soil (T1). Panicle length and test weight of rice did not alter to an infeasible extent during both the years of study. Application of 50% STBN through fertilizer and 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5) registered higher number of panicles m-2, total number of grains panicle-1, panicle lenght, number of filled grains panicle-1 and grain yield panicle-1 which was however comparable with N4 treatment. Various nutrient management practices did not influence the test weight of rice during both the years of study. Supply of either 100% STBN through fertilizers (N1) or with minimum tillage concept resulted in the lowest yield attributes during both the years of study.
Significantly higher grain and straw yields were observed with conventional tillage (T4) and the lowest yields were registered under minimum tillage (T3) during both the years of study. Significantly the highest grain and straw yields were recorded with application of 50% STBN through fertilizer and 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5), which was however comparable with N4 treatment and the lowest yields were exhibited in 100% STBN through fertilizer (N1) treatment during both the years of study.
Nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at different growth stages of rice were significantly influenced by tillage as well as nutrient management practices and the highest values were recorded with conventional tillage (T4) and 50% STBN through fertilizer blended with 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5). Grain nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were uninfluenced by various tillage practices. With respect to nutrient management practices, higher nutrient content and uptake nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were associated with combined application 50% STBN through fertilizer and 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5)
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but were comparable with N4 treatment and the lowest yields were registered under 100% STBN through fertilizer (N1) treatment during both the years of study.
Analysis of economic return indicated that conventional tillage (T4) was superior to other treatments, however which was comparable with T1 treatment. Further nutrient management supplying 50% STBN through fertilizer along and 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5) registered higher economic return but was comparable with N4 treatment. The lowest economic return was realized with 100% STBN through fertilizer (N1) treatment during both the years of study.
Plant height, drymatter accumulation, CGR, LAI, RGR, NAR and SPAD readings of succeeding greengram were significantly affected by residual outcome of diversified nutrient management practices imposed in rice during both the years of study. The residual effect of nutrient supply to kharif rice comprising 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through cured poultry manure resulted in the higher growth parameters, but were however on a par with the treatments N4 and N3. Similarly, SPAD values registered under the treatment supplying with 50% STBN through fertilizer + 50% N through cured poultry manure was also on a par with N4, N3 and N2 treatments. Tillage practices and their interaction with nutrient management practices did not exhibit significant influence on growth parameters of succeeding greengam.
Yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and economic return of rabi greengram were significantly influenced by nutrient management treatments imposed to kharif rice, but not by the tillage practices or their interaction. Among the nutrient management treatments, conjuctive use of either 50 or 75% STBN through fertilizer + 50 or 25% N through cured poultry manure, respectively; resulted in manifesting significant superiority over the other treatments.
Physical properties of soil viz; pH and EC after harvest of rice and greengram were not influenced significantly by either the tillage or nutrient management treatments imposed to kharif rice crop.
Total system productivity (total rice equivalent yield) was the highest with conventional tillage (T4) which was however on a par with T1 treatment under various tillage practices. With respect to nutrient management treatments, application of 50% STBN through fertilizer along with 50% N through cured poultry manure (N5) treatment to kharif rice manifested was significantly superiority over rest of the treatments but was comparable with N4 treatment during both the years of study.
Description
TILLAGE AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MANAGING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE – GREENGRAM SEQUENCE