Distribution pattern and life table of stem borer Chilo partellus(Swinhoe) on maize
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Date
2017-07
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Department of Entomology, BAU, Sabour
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a cereal grain, called “queen of cereal”. It is the third important cereal crop in India after rice and wheat with a share of 10 percent in total cereal production, occupying an area of 9.60 million ha with production of 26.0 million tonnes in which Bihar is contributing an area 0.70 million ha and production 2.05 million tonnes.Maize has a loss of 20 percent in yield due to insect damage. It is damaged by a large number of insect pests at different stages of crop growth. Among the insect pests, maize stem borer (ChilopartellusSwinh.) is a key pest causing losses to grain yield, which ranged between 24.3 and 36.3 percent in different agro climatic regions of India (Bhanukiran and Panwar, 2000).Keeping all these in view, the present investigation was aimed to study on “Distribution pattern and life table of stem borer Chilopartellus (Swinhoe) on maize” with the objectives: i.Seasonal Incidence of Chilopartelluson maize,ii. Determination of distribution Pattern of C. Partelluson maize, and iii. Life table study of C. Partelluson maize.
The study on seasonal incidence of stem borer, C. partellusand its relationship with abiotic factors during Kharif and Rabi season, 2016-17 revealed that the incidence of stem borer started (1.67 and 2.51 percent dead heart) in the second week of July at 15 days and last week of November at 21 days old crop age, respectively and reached to its peak ( 16.67 and 11.00 percent dead heart) in the last week of August and third week of February at 57 days and 110 days old crop age during the experimentation period, respectively. Afterwards, the incidence of maize stem borer had declined gradually. The correlation studies of dead heart infestation and abiotic factors during Kharif,2016 showed that the maximum temperature was positively non-significantly correlated and minimum temperature and sunshine hours were positively significantly correlated while rainfall and relative humidity were negatively non-significantly correlated with dead heart infestation.Correlation studies for Rabi season, 2016-17 showed that the maximum temperature was positively significantly correlated, minimum temperature and sunshine hours were found to be positively non-significantly correlated while relative humidity was negatively significantly correlated with the dead heart infestation. The egg distribution within plant showed more number of eggs(107±0.55) on first leaf sheath followed by second leaf sheath (75.33±1.72) and least number on basal leaf sheath (47.10±0.55). The total oviposition period was observed to be five days with average fecundity as 220±3.76 per female moth. The distribution pattern of larvae was found in scattered fashion from seedling to initial vegetative phase of the crop while at the age of 22 to 71 days its distribution pattern was found contagious in nature. Life table study revealed that 42 percent mortality of eggs due to unknown factors whereas, 19.54 percent failed to hatch, 37 percent larval mortality was due toparasitization and 16.07 percent died due to unknown factors. Percentage mortality of pupae was 11.76 due to diseases while 15.38 percent failed to emerge into moths. Thus due to effect of biotic and abiotic factors the total mortality (K value) of Chilopartelluswas 0.88.
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