Economic Analysis Of Production And Marketing Of Mushrooms
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Date
2000
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Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara
Abstract
The present study entitled the Economics of Production and Marketing of
Mushroom was undertaken during the year 1999-2000. This study was conducted in
Thiruvananthapuram district. This district was purposely selected for the study because
mushroom growmg units on commercial basis are well established ill
Thiruvananthapuram district.
A sample of 100 growers who maintained contact with the training centres
was selected. Each farmer was interviewed personally. Among the 100 sample farmers 36
were cultivating mushrooms and the remaining had given up cultivation.
All the mushroom growers were post-stratified on the basis of nature of
investment into Category-I (Temporary upto Rs.15000 ), Category-IT (Semi-permanent
Rs.15000-25000) and Category-Ill (Permanent above Rs.25000)
Tabular analysis was used to study the socio-economic features, to estimate
the cost and returns, marketing cost and margins of mushrooms. Cost concepts were used
to estimate the income measures.
At aggregate level the total cost incurred for cultivation of mushroom was
Rs. 8167.83. Material inputs accounted for about 82.85 per cent of the total working
capital requirement for the sample as a whole. Hired labour component was absent in
category-I. At aggregate level this accounted for 17.15 per cent total working capital
requirement. Total working capital requirement for mushroom production was Rs.
3738.51. As compared to males, females were more in the working force, which shows
the women's participation in mushroom cultivation. Explicit costs accounted for 45.77
percent of the total cost. Implicit cost accounted for 54.23 per cent of the total cost. Cost
A], Bj, Cl, and C3 per crop cycle for the sample as a whole was Rs. 4144.95, Rs. 4522.91,
Rs. 1425.30 and Rs. 8167.83.
The total working capital requirement for producing 1 kilogram of spawn
was Rs. 12.83. Explicit cost accounted for 71.60 per cent of the total cost. Implicit cost
accounted for 28.40 per cent of the total cost. Cost AI, B), Cl, and C3 per kilogram' of
spawn Rs. 14.25, Rs. 14.49, and Rs. 16.29, 17.92 respectively.
Gross income from mushroom for the sample as a whole was Rs.
12118.60. Gross income from spawn production was Rs. 40.00 for one kilogram of
, spawn. Farm business income was Rs. 7973.65 for mushroom production and farm
business income of spawn was Rs 25.75. For the sample as a whole the family labour
income was Rs. 7595.69. and Rs. 25.51 in the case of spawn production .. The net income
from mushrooms was Rs. 3950.77 and from spawn production it was Rs. 22.08. Farm
investment income was Rs. 4328.73 and Rs. 22.32 for mushrooms and spawn production.
The Benefit-Cost ratio was 1.48. The operating ratio which represents the efficiency of
variable costs was 0.31. Aggregate fixed ratio was 0.21. The Benefit-Cost ratio in spawn
production was 2.23. The operating ratio was 0.32. Fixed ratio was 0.08
Cobb Douglas production function fitted with returns (rupees) as
dependent variable and expenditure on inputs like straw, spawn and labour as independent
variables revealed that additional expenditure on straw and spawn could increase the
output. The input human labour was found to be in' excess use.
The most important marketing channel identified for mushroom was
. ,
Producer-Consumer. Producers share in consumer rupee was 75 per cent. The retailer
reaped a net margin of25 per cent for which they did not incurred any cost.
The major constraint faced by mushroom growers in production was low
yield due to incidence of pest and diseases and among the marketing problems the major
constraint identified was lack of awareness among consumers.
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Citation
171778