Chemistry and biological activities of banana (Musa sapientum) peel extract
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Date
2019
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation deals with chemistry and biological activities of banana (Musa
sapientum) peel extract. Banana peel extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction method
using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol as solvents. GCMS
analysis of methanolic extract showed the presence of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (24.78
%) as major compound. Methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography to isolate
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). It was chemically transformed into two derivatives viz. [5-
(3-Nitrophenyliminomethyl)furan-2-yl]methanol and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfuralidene -
acetophenone. 5-HMF and transformed compounds were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR
studies. Mineral analysis of peel powder revealed the presence of K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, B etc.
Proximate analysis of peel powder showed the presence of (%) moisture (23.34), ash (13.62),
crude fat (3.67), crude protein (8.14), crude fibre (22.21) and total soluble sugar (12.50)
content. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, steroids and
terpenoids in various extracts. The total phenolic content of various extracts ranged from
17.82 to 35.82 mg GAE/g of extracts. The peel extracts, 5-HMF and its derivatives were
tested for their antibacterial potential against Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
using disc plate method, antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum by agar well
diffusion method and antioxidant potential by DPPH and NO assay. Among all the
treatments, maximum antibacterial potential was exhibited by methanol extract whereas ethyl
acetate extract possessed maximum antifungal potential and 5-
Hydroxymethylfurfuralideneacetophenone exhibited maximum antioxidant potential.
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