Impact of brackish water on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars
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Date
2019
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
CCSHAU
Abstract
The present study was carried out with the two chickpea (Cicer aritinum L.) cultivars viz. HC-
3 and CSG-8962 with differ in their sensitivity to tolerance in the screen house, in which two
experiments were conducted. In first experiment, the treatment consisted of two types (Cl- and SO4
2-
dominated) with the three levels 2, 4 and 6 dS m-1 of salinity. In the second experiment, the treatment
consisted of three RSC level (0, 2.5 and 5.0 me L-1) with fixed ECiw 2.0 dS m-1 and constant SAR 20
(mmol L-1)1/2 along with the control or untreated. Both the experiments were replicated thrice in a
factorial completely randomized design and the desired types of salinity and RSC levels were created
using salts of the Na+, Ca+ and Mg2+. Germination of chickpea decreased and delayed with increased
level of chloride and sulphate dominated salinity from control to 6 dS m-1 and in RSC dominated
irrigation water from control to 5.0 me L-1. With the increasing level of salinity and RSC there was a
reduction in the biomass, grain and straw yield of chickpea cultivars. However, the magnitude of
adverse effect increased with increased the salt stress.
The water potential (Ψw) of leaves and osmotic potential (Ψs) of leaves and roots became more
negative with increasing in salt stress through salinity and RSC. HC-3 showed significantly higher
accumulation in proline, glycine betaine and TSC contents than CSG-8962 at higher levels of salinity
and RSC of 6 dS m-1 and 5.0 me L-1, respectively, as compared to control. Quantum yield, total
chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was more decrease in CSG-8962 than HC-3 with increasing levels
from control to 6.0 dS m-1 in both types of salinity and and 5.0 me L-1 in RSC dominated soils.
Accumulation of MDA content, higher rate of lipid peroxidation was also higher in CSG-8962 than
HC-3 at higher level of salt stress. The leakage of the ions which is measured as relative stress injury
increased with increasing levels of both type of salinity and RSC. Relative stress injury was found to be
more in CSG-8962 as compared to HC-3 in the leaves and roots at higher level of salt stress through
salinity and RSC. pH of soil increased with increased in salinity and RSC levels. ECe increased with
increasing level of salinity and decreased with increasing level of RSC. Na+, Ca2++Mg2+, Cl-, SO4
2- in
shoots and roots markedly increased with increased levels of chloride and sulphate dominated salinity
and RSC on the irrigation water applied to soil, K+ content decreased under salinity and RSC
dominated soils.
This experiment showed that there was no out flow of the effluent occurred in case of the soil
column irrigated with high bicarbonate dominated water due to the reduction in the hydraulic
conductivity. By increase in the level of irrigation (dominated in chloride, sulphate and bicarbonates),
large amount of water was needed for the leaching of the salts from the root zone, so as reach to the
desired level of salt concentration of the effluents.