Studies on diversity for Yield and quality traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Date
2019
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during rabi season of 2018-19 to evaluate the thirty genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Randomized Block Design with three replications for yield and quality. Investigation was carried out on variability, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence for morpho-physiological characters viz., plant height at maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, days to fifty percent flower initiation, days to fifty percent fruit initiation, days to fruit maturity at physiological stage, equilateral diameter of fruit, polar diameter of fruit, number of locules per fruit, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid.
Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for average plant height at maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of fruit per cluster, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, number of locules per fruit and number of fruits per cluster. All the characters had showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean except number of flowers per
cluster. These traits were indicating the presence of additive gene effects which may be utilized for improvement through phenotypic selection for yield improvement.
Character association among the yield and yield attributing traits and identify better combinations as selection criteria for developing high yielding tomato genotypes. Fruit yield per plant was high significant and positively correlated with equilateral diameter of fruit, polar diameter of fruit and average fruit weight, suggesting that selection based on these characters would result better genotypes with higher yield.
Path coefficient analysis study revealed positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant by plant height at maturity, days to fifty percent fruit initiation, number of fruits per cluster, equilateral diameter of fruit, polar diameter of fruit, average fruit weight and total soluble solids, were indicating that these characters would be more reliable for yield improvement.
The thirty genotypes of tomato were grouped into six clusters using Tocher‟s method. Cluster I had maximum (10) genotypes and cluster III and cluster VI had one genotype in each i.e. monogenotypic. The genotypes in cluster III and cluster VI followed by cluster V and cluster VI, cluster IV, cluster I and cluster VI and cluster II and cluster VI, exhibited high degree of genetic diversity due to maximum inter cluster distance between them. Its indicating these genotypes may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants. Cluster IV was suitable for number of primary branches per plant, number of days to fifty percent flower initiation, number of days to fifty percent fruit initiation, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, polar diameter of fruits, number of locules per fruits, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid. Therefore, selection of parents from this cluster for these traits would be effective. Maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was obtained by ascorbic acid (38.39 per cent), average fruit weight (23.22 per cent) and number of locules per fruit (11.49 per cent).
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