Fusarium wilt management and growth stimulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by inoculation with antagonistic Bacillus species
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Date
2017
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CCSHAU
Abstract
In the present study, one hundred ninety three Bacillus isolates were obtained from chickpea rhizosphere
soil and screened for their antagonistic interactions against Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro conditions. Eighty
eight isolates showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum and 24 isolates were selected. Bacillus isolates
HCA3, HCA26, HCA53, HCA61, RCA3 and RCA9 showed maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum growth. Nine
Bacillus isolates also inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Neovossia indica and Rhizoctonia solani.
Siderophore production was observed in four isolates HCA1, HCA3, HCA53 and RCA11. ACC utilization was
observed in all selected isolates except RCA9. Three Bacillus isolates RCA3, RCA7 and RCA11 showed
significant HCN production. Significant ALA production (> 12 μg/ml) was observed in seven Bacillus isolates.
The IAA production varied from 0.13 to 29.60 μg/ml in different isolates. Thirteen Bacillus isolates showed
phosphorus solubilizing activity and nine isolates caused potassium solubilization. Three Bacillus isolates i.e.
RCA4, RCA9 and RCA19 retarded the growth of chickpea seedlings on 0.8% soil extract agar plates, whereas
other isolates showed growth stimulation effect on seedling growth in comparison to uninoculated control at both
5th and 10th day of growth. Out of 24 Mesorhizobium isolates obtained from chickpea nodules, eight isolates
showed antagonistic effect against F. oxysporum. Bacillus and Mesorhizobium isolates were tested for their salt
tolerance capacity at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% NaCl concentrations. Six isolates showed growth of 10.1 mm to 15.0 mm
colony size at 6% NaCl concentration and five Bacillus isolates i.e. HCA11, HCA81, HCA53, RCA11, RCA31
showed larger colony size ranging from 5.1-10.0 mm even at 8% NaCl concentration. Only two Mesorhizobium
isolates MCA5 and MCA22 were found salt-tolerant upto 8% of salt concentration. Maximum increase in SDW
(45.5%) was observed by inoculation of isolate MCA20 followed by 44.3% increase in SDW by inoculation of
isolate MCA23 at 40 days of chickpea growth under chillum jar conditions, whereas isolates MCA23 and MCA4
resulted in 166.2 and 161% increase in RDW, respectively. Likewise, 112.6% increase in SDW was observed on
inoculation of MCA14 isolate followed by 118.3 and 117.2% increase in SDW on inoculation of MCA4 and
MCA10 isolates, respectively at 80th day of observation.
The inoculation effect of three antagonistic i.e., HCA61, RCA3 and RCA7, and two non-antagonistic
Bacillus isolates HCA76 and SYB101 was studied with Mesorhizobium strains MBD26 and KR48 on chickpea
growth. At 90 days after showing (DAS), coinoculation of MBD26+RCA3 and KR48+RCA7 showed significant
increase in root and shoot dry weight of chickpea under chillum jar conditions. Bacillus isolates i.e. HCA61,
RCA3 and RCA7 coinoculated with Mesorhizobium strains showed 100% disease control of F. oxysporum at
different stages of chickpea growth under pot house conditions. At 60 DAS, coinoculation of F.
oxysporum+KR48+SYB101 showed significant increase (155.4%) in SDW followed by coinoculation of F.
oxysporum+KR48+RCA7 (124%) and F. oxysporum+MBD26+RCA7 (121.1%), whereas at 75 DAS, 173.3%
increase in SDW followed by 130.9 and 128.3% increase was observed in these treatments under pot house
conditions. At 90 DAS, coinoculation of F. oxysporum+KR48+SYB101 caused 149 and 111% increase in SDW
and RDW of chickpea followed by F. oxysporum+KR48+RCA7 (129.5, 96.9%) and F. oxysporum+KR48+RCA3
(107.7, 77.2%), respectively. Bacillus isolates RCA3 and RCA7 could further be assessed for their plant growth
promoting and disease control potential under field conditions for their subsequent application as biofertilizer and
biocontrol agents.
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