Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
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Date
2022
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to estimate “Heterosis, Combining
Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum
aestivum (L.) em. Thell]”. Total 57 genotypes including 45 crosses along with 10
parents and 2 checks viz., Sonalika and HD 2967 were evaluated during Rabi 2020-21
in randomized block design with three replications at three locations.
Observations were recorded for fifteen traits viz., dаyѕ to 50% flowerіոg, dаyѕ
to 75% mаturіty, plаոt հeіgհt, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length,
number of spikelets per plant, length of awns, ոumber of grаіոѕ per ѕpіke, flаg leаf
аreа, 1000-grаіո weіgհt, bіologісаl yіeld per plаոt, grаіո yіeld per plаոt, հаrveѕt
іոdex, totаl proteіո сoոteոt іո grаіո and totаl сհloropհyll сoոteոt in E1, E2 and E3
environments.
The analysis of variance indicated that the effects due to genotypes were
significant for all the characters in all the three environments. The effects due to
parents were significant in all the three environments except for length of awns in E1
and 1000-grain weight in E3. The effects due to crosses were significant for all the
characters. The effects due to parents v/s crosses were also significant for all the traits
in all the three environments except days to 75% maturity in E3, plant height in E1 and
E3, number of grains per spike in E1 and E3, flag leaf area in E1, E2 and E3, 1000- grain
weight in E1, E2 and E3, grain yield per plant in E1 and total protein content in grains
in E1. Bartlett’s test revealed homogeneity for eleven traits viz., days to 50%
flowering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per plant, length of awns,
number of grains per spike, flag leaf area,1000-grain weight, biological yield per
plant, grain yield per plant and total protein content in grains. Therefore, the pooled
analysis was carried out for these eleven characters only. Regarding the per se performance, among parents, three parents viz., HD
3086, Raj 3077 and HI 1544 showed higher grain yield per plant along with other
yield contributing traits over the environments. Among the crosses, HD 3086 x WR
544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 were found
superior with respect to grain yield in different environments.
Crosses viz., HD 3086 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077,
HD 3086 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 expressed positive significant SCA
effects along with higher per se performance and significant economic heterosis for
grain yield per plant. The parent HD 3086 exhibited its suitability under unfavorable
environments for most of the traits, while MP 1203 exhibited its suitability under
favorable environments for most of the characters. Among crosses, the cross
combinations viz., HD 3086 x Raj 4079, MP 3288 x WR 544 and MP 3288 x DBW
187 exhibited their suitability to be grown under unfavorable environments while
crosses HD 3086 x Raj 4037, HD 3086 x WR 544, MP 1203 x HI 1544 and Raj 4037
x WR 544 expressed suitability for most of the traits under favorable environmental
conditions.
Five crosses out of forty five, viz., HD 3086 x WR 544 (17.02 g), Raj 4238 x
WR 544 (16.70 g), Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 (16.65 g), HD 3086 x Raj 4079 (16.33 g) and
Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 (16.30 g) were most productive in respect to grain yield per
plant, as these crosses were much high yielder than the general mean (12.69 g) as well
as showed significance of heterosis over standard check (Sonalika). These crosses
also expressed significant SCA effects and having combination of parents Good x
Average and Good x Good general combining ability effects. Therefore, these crosses
can be advanced to get transgressive segregants in further breeding programmes.
Further, parents MP 3288, HI 1544, DBW 187 and WR 544 expressed
maximum diversity on the basis of SSR analysis, could also be used for hybridization
programme in future.
Description
Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]
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Citation
Kumari M. and sharma H.