Genetic diversity assessment for yield attributing and seed quality traits in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2023
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RPCAU, Pusa
Abstract
The research endeavour titled “Genetic diversity assessment for yield attributing and seed quality traits in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)” delved into a captivating exploration involving 20 rice genotypes thoughtfully gathered from various corners of India and the esteemed IRRI, Philippines during the enriching 2022 kharif season. With a purposeful vision, this study set out to unravel the enigma of genotype effectiveness, quantifying genetic variability, estimating the heritability quotient, unlocking the potential of genetic advancement, and embarking on a journey of understanding the intricate genetic variations within aromatic rice genotypes, especially in the context of grain yield and its allied attributes. This profound experiment unfolded at the scenic Breeder seed production Farm, Dholi in Bihar, where the meticulously designed Complete Randomized Block Design laid the foundation for an enriching scientific exploration.
The tapestry of findings woven from a meticulous variance analysis was nothing short of awe-inspiring, painting a vivid picture of diversity that thrived among the genotypes across the intricate canvas of 17 studied traits. Amidst this symphony of diversity, it was Samba Mahsuri, Taraori Basmati, Jasmine, Sonasal, and Katarni that emerged as the virtuoso performers, presenting the high significant notes of grain yield. Each brush stroke of data unveiled a mesmerizing dance of traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, spikelet fertility, grain width, and grain length among others. These traits revelled in their variation, donning the cloak of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, with a dash of heritability and a glint of genetic advancement to add to the enchantment.
The path coefficient analysis was akin to deciphering the very essence of the symphony, where seedling root length, seedling shoot length, and the rhythm of germination rate emerged as the maestros, directly influencing the crescendo of grain yield. The intricate interplay led by grain width elevated its importance, choreographing an intricate ballet where traits such as seedling dry weight, germination rate, vigour indices, and test weight swirled in a harmonious dance, ultimately nurturing the symphony of yield. In this intricate dance, the lead was taken by seedling root length, its direct influence paired with a mesmerizing indirect effect through other traits, crafting a tapestry of promise and potential. The elegant seedling shoot length gracefully followed suit, wielding its influence both directly and through a delightful partnership with other traits.
The grand classification of genotypes into five clusters was a celestial alignment of the stars, where cluster IV reigned as the largest constellation, while clusters I, II, III, and V shone with their distinct radiance. Among these, the Cluster III showcased its brilliance in the realm of tiller traits and the elegance of grain length. The cluster I adorned itself with the jewels of seed yield and spikelet fertility, standing tall as a beacon of promise. In contrast, the fifth cluster exuded a sense of timelessness, embodying the delicate charm of flowering, maturity, and the very stature of the plants.
In the tale of genetic divergence, the protagonists were none other than spikelet fertility and the passage of days to maturity, their contributions etching a legacy of significance. Amidst this narrative, seedling root length, seedling shoot length, and the tempo of germination rate emerged as the guiding stars for future breeding sagas, illuminating the path forward. The stars of promise, Samba Mahsuri and Taraori Basmati, took centre stage for their exceptional attributes, ready to script new chapters in the saga of rice breeding. As the curtain fell, clusters I and IV lingered in the spotlight, their higher cluster means in traits like spikelet fertility and days to maturity, echoing the promise of future possibilities.
Thus, with grain yield as its centrepiece and other traits as supporting characters, this study danced through the intricate pathways of genetic exploration. Among these journeys, it was Cluster II that ventured farthest, uncovering the treasure trove of internal diversity. As the final chords were struck, clusters I and IV emerged as the heralds of selection potential, carrying the torch of traits like spikelet fertility and days to maturity, igniting the path for a future where aromatic rice stands as a testament to nature's diversity and human innovation.