CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF CROSSBREEDING PROGRAMME BY DAIRY FARMERS IN BUDGAM DISTRICT OF KASHMIR VALLEY
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Date
2013
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Publisher
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
Improvement in Livestock production implies the shift from
traditional to new scientific methods of production. The government of
India laid emphasis on implementing programmes for enhancing the
productivity of livestock through genetic improvement, development of
feed and fodder and providing health cover. Important programmes
initiated by the Government are Key Village Scheme, Intensive Cattle
Development Projects, Operation Flood Programme and the Technology
Mission. However, the efforts have not made the expected headway in
improving the productivity of livestock substantially.
Cross breeding of Indigenous stock with exotic breeds has been
able to restore the genetic potentiality to a great extent. The cross
breeding programme was introduced in India in the beginning of the 20th
century in order to increase milk production through rapid
improvements of indigenous germ plasm. The cross breeding programme
has brought tremendous improvement in grading up our indigenous
cattle. But there are some problems in the way of carrying out this
programme.
Therefore, keeping the above facts in mind the present
investigation entitled, “Constraints in Adoption of Crossbreeding
Programme by Dairy Farmers in Budgam District of Kashmir Valley” has
been undertaken with the following objectives.
1. To Study the socio-personal and socio-economic characteristics
of the respondents.
2. To study the existing communication patterns for transfer of
livestock production technologies among farmers in selected
areas of Budgam District.
3. To ascertain the extent of use of different communication media
by extension workers and preference of these media by dairy
farmers.
4. To analyse the problems associated with the use of selected
communication media as perceived by extension workers.
5. To study the performance of A. I. in cattle.
6. To study personal, socio-economic, communicational and
situational factors, influencing the attitude and suitability of
dairy farmers towards crossbreeding programme in cattle.
7. To assess the major gynecological problems in crossbreed cattle.
8. To find out the problems faced in crossbreeding programme by
the dairy farmers and Veterinarians/Scientists.
The present study was conducted in eight blocks of the Budgam
district purposively selected for the study. From the each block one
village was selected randomly for the study. From each of the village 30
dairy farmers who were having problems in adoption of cross breeding
programme were selected. A total 240 dairy farmers as respondents were
interviewed personally to record the data.
The respondents of category 02nd comprises of 30 extension
workers working in the Department of Animal Husbandry Kashmir
(Veterinarians/Para-Vets) SKUAST-K Scientists and NGO Personnel
working in the Budgam District.
The data, was collected with the help of interview schedule and
statistically analysed by the coefficient of correlation method to know
relationship between dependent and independent variables of the study.
The constraints perceived by the dairy farmers and
Veterinarians/scientists were measured on three point continuum scale
i.e. fully agree, agree and not agree with scores 2, 1 and o respectively.
The gynaecological problems were measured on answering “yes” and “no”
scored as 1 and 0 respectively.
Findings of the study indicate that majority of the dairy farmers
were middle aged (45.41%), educated upto primary and middle level
(47.91%), having low social participation (38.75%), belonging to Joint
family system (71.25%), with large size families (77.50%), having farming
as primary occupation (51.67%), marginal and small farmers (64.16%)
possessing 6-9 livestock (53.75%) and belonging to medium socioeconomic
status group (51.67%). Majority of the respondents (58.75%)
never took part in any training programme, (59.17%) in demonstration,
(87%) respondents were radio listeners and (95.41%) T.V. viewers and
only (21.66%) extension literature readers. Extension workers were still
using group discussion, T.V. and radio as medium of communication.
Majority of the respondents considered neighbour’s and relatives
as most potent interpersonal communication media, T.V. and Radio
among mass media. Untimely and inadequate farm telecast and untimely
broadcast were the main Problems associated with T.V. and Radio.
Regarding posters lack of Professional artists in the organization was
considered as main hurdle with posters and high cost/unavailability with
extension literature. Inconvenience to farmers to attend training and
demonstration, paucity of time and lack of transport facilities as foremost
problem with farm visit.
Findings of the study indicate that age, education, social
participation, socio-economic status, utilization of communication
sources and availability of critical input are significantly correlated with
attitude towards crossbreeding programme and its suitability of livestock
owners. The repeat breeding, dystokia, uterine infection and
anestrous were major gynaecological problems perceived by the
livestock owners.
The major constraints perceived by dairy farmers in
crossbreeding programme were high rearing and high cost of Cross
bred Animals, Higher Feed and fodder requirement of CB Animals,
non-availability of green fodder round the year, susceptible to
diseases, unusefulness of male calves, non-availability of cross
breed heifers in the open market, non-availability of veterinary
services, lack of co-operative dairies in the villages and
unsatisfactory results of A.I.
The major constraints perceived by veterinarians/scientists in
crossbreeding programme were difficult to make door to door
services, non co-operation from dairy farmers during follow – up in
crossbreeding programme, non supply of good quality semen, lack
of interest of dairy farmers towards C.B.P., lack of funds allocated
on extension activities by state dept. and also sometimes congenital
problems as it is difficult to treat due to costly medicine.
The more is needed for educating the dairy farmers about
advantages of cross breeding. The communication media should be
improved by arranging the exhibitions and calf rallies and mobile
veterinary clinics should be started to cover the large area for providing
better A.I. services in the remote areas are the major implications of the
study.
Description
CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF CROSSBREEDING PROGRAMME BY DAIRY FARMERS IN BUDGAM DISTRICT OF KASHMIR VALLEY
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