LONG-TERM EFFECT OF MANURE AND FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) UNDER RAINFED MONO CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2016
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
The present study entitled “Long-term effect of manure and fertilizers on soil physical properties and yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) rainfed mono cropping system” was undertaken during kharif2015. The long-term field experiment which was started at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University during kharif-1981 was started with a prime objective of monitoring the status of soil physical properties. The soil of the experimental field was red sandy loam (Typic Haplustalf).
The experiment has eleven treatments each replicated four times in a randomized block design. The treatments include T1 : Control (no manure or fertilizers), T2 : Farm yard manure @ 5 t ha-1 (once in 3 years), T3 : 20 kg Nitrogen (N) ha-1, T4 : 10 kg Phosphorus (P) ha-1, T5 : 25 kg Potassium (K) ha-1, T6 : 250 kg gypsum ha-1, T7 : 20 kg N + 10 kg P ha-1, T8 : 20 kg N + 10 kg P + 25 kg K ha-1, T9 : 20 kg N + 10 kg P + 25 kg K + 250 kg gypsum ha-1, T10 : 20 kg N + 10 kg P + 25 kg K + 100 kg lime ha-1, T11 : 20 kg N + 10 kg P + 25 kg K + 250 kg gypsum ha-1 + 25 kg zinc sulphate ha-1 (as basal, once in 3 years).
Pod yield and yield attributing factors were studied along with available soil major nutrients and soil physical changes during kharif 2015. Soil samples were collected from each plot at surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) before sowing of crop. Soils were analysed for different parameters.
The physical properties viz., bulk density, porosity, maximum water holding capacity and structural indices viz., mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and per cent water stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) were improved due to the application of 5 t ha-1 of FYM once in three years for the last 34 years. The hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate of FYM treated plots were reduced due to improvement of the physical environment of the soil.
The treatmental combinations viz., NPK+gypsum+ZnSO4, NPK+lime, NPK+gypsum and NPK were also improved the physical environment of the soil viz., bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity and structural indices as compared to the control. Long term application of single nutrient fertilizers also slightly improved the physical environment of the soil as compared to the control.
The application of FYM, single nutrient inorganic fertilizers and with different fertilizer combinations to groundnut crop over a period of 34 years did not change the soil pH, EC and organic carbon significantly but changed the available nutrient status of the soil.
In general, the accumulation of available N and P was more with FYM and treatmental combinations as compared to the control. The available N and P were gradually depleted in the control due to continuous growing of the crop for the past 34 years with out application of the fertilizers.
Pod and haulm yields were significantly influenced by the treatments. The higher pod and haulm yields were relatively registered with NPK+lime which received all the major nutrients along with secondary nutrients. The
treatmental combinations viz., NPK+gypsum+ZnSO4, NPK +gypsum, NPK and FYM alone were also recorded comparable pod and haulm yield. The plots which received single nutrients i.e., N or P or K alone were inferior as compared to the combined application of nutrients. This shows the requirement of all the nutrients for better crop growth and yield. The study clearly indicated that FYM and treatmental combinations viz., NPK+lime, NPK+gypsum+ZnSO4, NPK+gypsum would be better for the improvement of health of the soil and yield of the groundnut crop on sustainable basis.
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D5348
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