GROSS MORPHOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON PINEAL, PITUITARY, THYROID AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF JAFFARABADI BUFFALO DURING DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR 3013
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Date
2019-10
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seasons on gross
morphological, histomorphological and histochemical changes in the pineal, pituitary,
thyroid, and adrenal glands of Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The pineal, pituitary, thyroid and
adrenal glands of 30 Jaffarabadi buffalo were collected from abattoir, during winter,
summer and rainy seasons (10 samples during each season). The gross morphometric
observation revealed that the pineal glands were heavier during the summer whereas
the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands were heavier during the rainy season. The
histomorphometric observations revealed that in the pineal gland, the nuclear
diameter of pinealocyte, pinealocyte density, and number of Argyrophilic Nucleolar
Organizer Region (AgNOR) was highest during the winter season. The brain sands
were observed in all the pineal glands but occupied a larger area of pineal parenchyma
during the summer as compared to winter season. In the pars distalis of the pituitary,
larger diameter and a higher percentage of basophils were observed during winter and
rainy seasons while the larger diameters and a higher percentage of acidophils were
observed during the summer season. In pars tuberalis and pars intermedia, the nuclear
diameter and cellular density were higher during summer. The thyroid glands in
winter season were predominated by a higher number of small follicles lined by high
cuboidal epithelium. However, the thyroid glands in summer and rainy seasons were
predominated by a comparatively higher number of large follicles lined by flat
epithelium. In the adrenal glands, thicker zona glomerulosa and medulla, with larger
cells and nuclei were observed during summer, whereas the thicker zona fasciculata
and zona reticularis with larger cells were observed during rainy and winter seasons.
The present observations indicated that the pineal and thyroid glands of Jaffarabadi
buffaloes were morphologically more active during winter season. In pituitary gland,
the basophils showed higher activity during winter and rainy seasons, while the
acidophils were more active during summer. The cells of pars tuberalis and pars
intermedia showed higher activity during the summer season. In adrenal glands, the
zona glomerulosa and medulla showed increased cellular activity during summer,
whereas the cells of zona fasciculata and zona reticularis were more active during
rainy and winter seasons. The present study clearly depicted the influence of seasons
on cellular architecture of endocrine glands which is essential for physiological
adjustment of Jaffarabadi buffalo to adapt in different environmental conditions