Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.)
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted on the “Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.).” was carried out during the year 2022 in Research unit of Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. Keeping in view of the fact, the present investigation is being proposed with the objectives: 1. To study the effect of plant growth regulators on growth parameters of papaya and 2. To study the effect of plant growth regulators on yield and yield attributing characters of papaya.
The Papaya (Carica papaya L) plant of Variety Red lady (Taiwan variety) were planted in the year 2022 at spacing 1.8mx1.8m. Thirty days old saplings were transplanted during evening time as per the layout and design. One Sapling in each pit was planted. The experiment was comprised of 11 treatments with different plant growth regulators (PGR) in a randomized block design with three replications namely T0 (Control i.e. No treatment), T1 (Gibberellic acid @100ppm), T2 (Gibberellic acid @200ppm), T3 (Naphthalene acetic acid @100ppm), T4 (Naphthalene acetic acid @200ppm), T5 (Ethrel @200ppm), T6 (Ethrel @350ppm), T7 (Humic acid @1%), T8 (Humic acid @2%), T9 (Triacontanol @500ppm) and T10 (Triacontanol @1000ppm)
The plant growth regulators (PGR) were sprayed carefully both the surface of leaf and the whole plant. This experiment was laid for the purpose to understand the role of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of papaya. The desired concentrations of plant growth regulators were prepared and sprayed at the interval of 45th, 75th and 105th days after the transplanting (DAT) of papaya plants.
In the present study, the different growth parameter of papaya plant such as Plant height (cm), Plant girth (cm), Plant spread (cm), Number of leaves per plant, Days to first flowering. Days to first fruiting, yield and yield attributing characters such as Number of fruit per plant, Fruit length (cm), Fruit diameter (cm), Fruit weight (gm), Fruit volume (cc), Pulp weight (gm), Peel weight (gm), Pulp: peel ratio, Yield per plant (kg), yield Per hectare (tonnes), Grain yield/Economic Yield (qha-1) were taken during standing plants. The analysis of Biochemical parameters such as Total Soluble Solid (0Brix) and Acidity (%) were taken in the laboratory using standard method. At last the economics of papaya cultivation such as Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha.), Gross Return (Rs./ha.), Net Return (Rs./ha.) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were calculated using actual expenditure and market value of the papaya.
The present findings indicates that maximum height was obtained in T1 whereas maximum girth was obtained in T2. Significant differences were found on application of different plant growth regulators on plant spread on east west and on north south of papaya plant at 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAT. The maximum plant spread on both direction i.e. east west and north south was found in T2. The maximum number of leaves per plant was found in T1 whereas minimum was found in T0. The maximum days to first flowering and days to first fruiting was found 91.33days and 176.67days respectively in T0.
The maximum number of fruit per plant 75.67 in T1, maximum fruit length 22.20cm in T2, maximum fruit diameter 16.60cm in T1, maximum fruit weight 1352.00gm in T2, maximum fruit volume 1704.07cc in T2, maximum pulp weight 1184.78gm in T2, maximum peel weight of papaya was found 118.07gm in T3, Pulp peel ratio was varied from 8.33 to 11.08 under different plant growth regulators. The maximum yield per plant was found 77.29kg in T2, maximum yield per hectare of papaya was found 238.52kg in T2 whereas the minimum yield per hectare of papaya was found 155.52kg in T0.
Data related to biochemical parameters, total soluble solid (0Brix) was varied from 11.78 to 16.65 whereas the acidity (%) was varied from 0.141% to 0.199% under different plant growth regulators.
The maximum cost of cultivation per ha of papaya was found Rs 2,49,354.00 in T10, whereas maximum gross return per ha of papaya was found Rs 10,73,355.00 in T2. With respect to growth parameters, flowering and fruiting characters, the net return per ha and benefit cost ratio was varied from Rs. 4,74,393.00 to Rs. 8,33,808.00 and 2.10 to 3.48 under different plant growth regulators. The highest benefit cost ratio of papaya was 3.48 in T2 against 2.10 in control which was economical, profitable and proved highly remunerative.