Effect of crop establishment, nitrogen levels and time of application in direct seeded rice
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Date
2018
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Department of Agronomy Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Effect of crop establishment, nitrogen levels and time of application in direct seeded rice (Oryzasativa L.)” was conducted during kharif 2016 and 2017 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India.The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with two crop establishment methods viz., C1- Conventional tillage, C2-Zero tillage and four nitrogen levels viz. N1- 90 kg ha-1, N2- 120 kg ha-1 ,N3- 150 kg ha-1 and N4- 180 kg ha-1 in the main plot and four time of nitrogen application treatment viz. T1: 25% N as basal + 50% N at active tillering stage + 25% N at panicle initiation stage; T2:15% N as basal +22.5% at 15-20 DAS+ 40% N at active tillering stage + 22.5% N at panicle initiation stage; T3: 33.3 % N at 15-20 DAS + 33.3 % at active tillering stage + 33.3 % at panicle initiation stage; T4: 25% N at 15-20 DAS+ 25% N at active tillering stage + 25% N at panicle initiation stage + 25% N at heading in sub-plots for both the years. Rice variety “Sarjoo 52” was sown at the rate of 30 kg ha-1 during the last week of June at appropriate moisture level by providing pre sowing irrigation at 20 cm row spacing with zero-till seed drill machine. The required quantity of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides were applied with appropriate water volume by using flat fan nozzle and knap sack sprayer. The weeds were managed by pre emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 followed by post emergence application of bispyribac at 25 g a.i. ha-1 + Pyrazosulfuron at 20 g a.i. ha-1 after that a need based supplemental weeding was done at 30-35 DAS. In ZT-DSR weeds were knock down by application glyphosate @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 before seeding of the crop.With advancement in growth stages of crop, plant height, number of tillers and LAI were significantly higher in zero till DSR (C2) than that of conventional DSR (C1). Among nitrogen levels, application of 180 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth parameters compared to application of 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 but it was at par with application of 150 kg N ha-1. In respect of time of nitrogen application, treatment33.3 % N at 15-20 DAS + 33.3 % at active tillering stage + 33.3 % at panicle initiation (T3) recorded significantly higher growth parameters. Among crop establishment methods, yield and yield attributing parameters were not influenced significantly. However, zero till DSR (C2). Application of 150 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher yield and yield attributing characters (panicle m-1 and fertility percentage and grain yield) which was at par with application of 180 kg N ha-1 over the remaining treatment. In respect to nitrogen application, significantly higher yield and yield attributing parameters was recorded by treatment 33.3 % N at 15-20 DAS + 33.3 % at active tillering stage + 33.3 % at panicle initiation stage (T3). Among the crop establishment method, zero till DSR (C2) recorded significantly lower weed density (m-2) and weed dry matter (g m-2) compared to conventional DSR (C1) Application of 90 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly lower weed density (m-2) and weed dry matter (g m-2) over rest of nitrogen levels at all the crop growth stages. In case of time of nitrogen application, significantly lowest weed density (m-2) and weed dry matter (g m-2) were recorded under the treatment T4. Crop established under zero till DSR with nitrogen level of 150 kg N ha-1 and time of nitrogen application with three splits of nitrogen at 33.3 % at 15-20 DAS + 33.3 % at active tillering stage + 33.3 % at panicle initiation stage were found the most economical as they resulted in maximum net returns and highest B:C ratio during both the years of experimentation.It can be concluded that crop establishment with zero till-DSR with 150 kg N ha-1 in three equal splits of nitrogen 33.3 % at 15-20 DAS + 33.3 % at active tillering stage + 33.3 % at panicle initiation stage should be followed to achieve better crop growth, lower weed population, higher yield under dry direct seeded rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
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Nitrogen dose