ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO AND OTHER MAJOR CROPS IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2018
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present study entitled “Economics of tobacco and other major crops in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh” was intended to examine costs and returns of FCV tobacco and other major crops and also to assess technical efficiency of inputs in the production of FCV tobacco and other major crops.
West Godavari is the leading district of Andhra Pradesh in the cultivation of FCV tobacco with an area 22,380 hectares. Hence, West Godavari district was purposively selected for present study. All the mandals of west Godavari district growing FCV tobacco were identified initially. The top five mandals based on area criterion was purposively selected. The mandals selected were Devarapalli, Gopalpuram, Koilyagudem, JRG-1 and JRG-2.
The list of model villages in each mandal was prepared and one village from each mandal based on the criterion of highest area under FCV tobacco was purposively selected. The list of other than the model villages in the selected mandals having area under FCV tobacco was prepared and one village from each mandal was purposively selected based on the highest area criterion.
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The list of farmers in the selected model villages was prepared and forty farmers were randomly selected. Analogously the list of farmers from the selected villages (other than model villages) growing FCV tobacco was prepared and forty farmers were randomly selected. For selecting the farmers growing other major crops the list of the farmers growing the said crops in all the selected eight villages was prepared and 40 farmers were selected randomly. The information related to the present study was collected using a well-defined and pre-tested schedule through personal interview method. Detailed information was collected and it pertained to the agricultural year 2016-2017. Tabular analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were employed to analyse the set objectives.
Total human labour employed was 211.32 and 237.10 mandays per hectare of FCV tobacco on model and general village farms respectively. On an average the total cost of cultivation per hectare of FCV tobacco was Rs. 205906.58 on model village farms and Rs. 228749.84 on general village farms. The price per quintal of tobacco was in model village farms with Rs. 11600.00 compared to Rs. 11500.00 on general village farms. The gross income realized as well as general village farms more or less the same with Rs. 278400.00 as against Rs. 264500.00 on general village farms. Net income realized was higher on model village farms recording Rs. 72493.42 against Rs. 35750.16 by general village farms.
Total human labour requirement was 105.98 (100%), 60.44 (100%) and 167.21 (100%) man days per hectare for paddy, maize and sugarcane respectively. The total cost of cultivation per hectare of paddy in Rs. 105219.86, Rs. 83286.46 on maize farms and Rs. 165970.86 on sugarcane farms. In sugarcane the gross income was realized higher with Rs. 201250 as against Rs. 139745 on paddy farms and Rs. 115187.50 on maize farms. Net income too exhibited similar trend, with sugarcane farms recording Rs. 35279.14 against Rs. 34525.14 on paddy farms and Rs. 31901.04 on maize farms.
The technical efficiency of inputs in the production of FCV tobacco and other major crops were identified by using DEA analysis. Model village tobacco farms were better off in respect of overall technical efficiency (76 per cent) and pure technical efficiency (88 per cent), while, general farms were relatively better off in respect of scale efficiency (87 per cent). Between tobacco farms and other major crop farms, tobacco farmers were better off regarding all efficiency i.e. OTE, PTE and SE.
The inputs wastage was also identified for the FCV tobacco farms on model village and general village farms which showed the overall wastage of inputs per hectare of FCV tobacco was higher on general village farms compared to model village farms considering overall technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency.
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