Effect of kokkan disease caused by banana bract mosaic virus on the growth and yield of banana
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Date
2001
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Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani
Abstract
A study was conducted in the 'Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture,
Vellayani during 2000-2001 on the" Effect of kokkan disease caused by banana bract
mosaic virus on the growth and yield of banana. A survey conducted in two wards of
Kalliyoor panchayat revealed that red banana plants were the most affected by the disease
followed by nendran. The intensity of incidence of the disease was found to be
comparable in both the wards. Studies on symptomatology of the disease was carried out
using five varieties of banana viz., nendran, redbanana, robusta, palayankodan and
rasakadali (njalipoovan). The characteristic symptoms of the disease were reddish /
pinkish streaks on the pseudostem, bract mosaic, 'traveller's palm', necrotic streaks, leaf
mosaic, streaks on the male flowers, streaks on the peduncle and leaf petiole, separation
of the leaf sheaths from the pseudo stem, splitting of the leaf sheaths and small and
deformed bunches. The disease significantly influenced the biometric characters. Plant
height, girth, number ofleaves, leaf production rate and leaf area index were significantly
reduced in the diseased plants. Delay in time taken for flowering, bunch maturity and
time taken for harvest were observed. The number of suckers produced was also reduced
in the diseased plants. Significant reduction in bunch yield, weight of fingers, length of
fingers, girth of fingers, number of fingers, number of hands could also be noted. The
proposed 0-4 scale was found to be highly effective in estimating the yield losses caused
by the disease. Biochemical changes indicated a lower carbohydrate content in leaves of
diseased plants and higher content in the bract. Phenol content was increased in the
leaves of diseased plants and was decreased in the bract. Chlorophyll content decreased
in the diseased plants due to virus infection. Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities increased in the diseased plants.
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