ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Date
2023-10-18
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Environmental Implications of Solid Waste Landfills in
Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University
of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The study was carried out in two landfill sites in Himachal
Pradesh viz., Bhariyal and BBN located in districts Shimla and Solan respectively. Leachate, soil, surface and
groundwater and vegetation samples were collected from both sites. Leachate was collected after the monsoon
season in both landfills. Soil samples were collected at three distances and in three seasons from both landfill
sites. Surface and groundwater were also collected at three distances and in three seasons. Surface water was
present in Bhariyal only, while groundwater was collected from both landfill sites. Vegetation samples were
collected at three distances in both landfill sites. Leachate collected from landfill sites was treated with alum @,
45, 90 and 120 mgl-1. In leachate pH varies from 7.51-7.88, EC (10.42-14.35 dSm-1), TDS (8332.35-11850.73
mgl-1), BOD (425.88-476.36 mgl-1), COD (1927.59-2814.77 mgl-1), Zn (0.16-0.19 mgl-1), Fe (4.75-4.96 mgl-1),
Cu (0.09-0.14 mgl-1), Ni (1.01-1.10 mgl-1) and Cr (0.98-1.25 mgl-1). In soil samples pH varies from 7.09-7.73,
EC (0.28-0.74 dSm-1), N (162.81-259.41 kgha-1), P (18.01-46.05 kgha-1), K (215.44-370.27 kgha-1), Cr (3.77-
33.34 mgkg-1), Cd (0.02-0.96 mgkg-1). In surface water pH was in the range of 6.74-7.44, EC (0.36-0.56 dSm-1),
TDS (308.41-358.73 mgl-1), DO (4.28-6.09 mgl-1), BOD (20.93-51.56 mgl-1), COD (138.24-175.81 mgl-1), Zn
(0.050-0.145 mgl-1), Fe (0.16 -0.39 mgl-1), Cu (0.007-0.042 mgl-1), Cd (0.000-0.005 mgl-1). In groundwater pH
ranged 6.97-7.84, EC (0.28-0.56 dSm-1), TDS (200.76-246.81 mgl-1), DO (2.36-5.07 mgl-1), BOD (2.49-14.59
mgl-1), COD (8.25-93.65 mgl-1), Zn (0.007-0.082 mgl-1), Fe (0.017-0.154 mgl-1), Cu (0.007-0.060 mgl-1). Among
different species from landfills Total N varied from 2.62 – 1.03 percent, Total P (0.16-0.47%), Total K(0.26-1.21
%), Fe (302.038-398.965 mgkg-1), Cu (9.687-22.668 mgkg-1), Mn (21.333-133.613 mgkg-1), Cd (0.006-1.667
mgkg-1), Pb (0.380-6.242 mgkg-1). Among different treatments of alum,the best wasof 120 mgl-1i.e., for Bhariyal
and BBN pH was 6.74 and 6.97, EC (5.13 and 6.61 dSm-1), TDS (3710.61 and 5546.38 mgl-1), BOD (290.31 and
312.64 mgl-1), COD (1270.08 and 1811.54 mgl-1), Zn (0.07 and 0.06 mgl-1), Fe(0.94 and 0.91 mgl-1), Cu (0.04
and 0.02 mgl-1), Ni (0.43 and 0.44 mgl-1) and Cr 0.37 and 0.31 mgl-1) respectively. The best removal efficiency
was by treating leachate with an alum dose of 120 mgl-1. Removal efficiency for Bhariyal and BBN in TDS was
55.46 and 55.47 percent, COD (34.11 and 35.64 %), BOD (31.83 and 34.36 %), Fe (80.24 and 81.55 %), Cu
(70.34 and 71.57 %), Ni (70.05 and 66.27 %), Cr (69.83 and 68.62 %) and Zn (62.43 and 60.60 %) respectively.