Morphological and molecular characterisation of variability In vitro derived seedlings of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)
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Date
2005
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Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara
Abstract
The research project “Morphological and molecular characterization of variability in in vitro derived seedlings of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews)” was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur during the period 2001-2003. The major objectives of the study was to characterize the existing variability in field established vanilla plants, derived from in vitro seed culture, using morphological and molecular markers.
The study revealed that among the 10 morphological characters selected i.e., leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of leaves, total growth, leaf shape, phyllotaxy, root origin and number of roots, except leaf shape, phyllotaxy, root origin and number of roots, all other characters showed significant variation. Twenty different accessions which were highly variable could be selected from the 360 accessions studied.
In biochemical studies, the protocol for isozyme analysis could be standardised. The study was done based on esterase and peroxidase patterns. Based on the dendrogram constructed, the 20 different accessions studied could be grouped into different clusters. Based on esterase pattern they were grouped into 9 clusters and based on peroxidase pattern they were grouped into 15 clusters. The accessions a82, a481, a58, a370 and a425 showed high level of polymorphism in both the isozyme patterns. Accessions a82, a396, a370 and a425 showed high level of polymorphism in esterase pattern and accessions a555, a136, a46, a428, a47 a159and a425 showed polymorphism in peroxidase pattern.
Molecular studies involved RAPD analysis using 10 primers which gave 16 amplification products. Dendrogram constructed based on the study grouped the 20 accessions into 3 major clusters. The 20 different accessions studied were varying from each other in both the morphological and molecular studies. Hence, it can be said that there is considerable variability in the in vitro derived seedlings of vanilla.
The study revealed a similar trend for morphological and molecular markers in assessing variability. Morphological markers need more refinement so as to get precise information on the yield characters too which is more important in case of vanilla. Molecular studies based on AFLP, RFLP etc. can be attempted to get exact picture on variability in vanilla.
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